马尾松纯林虫生真菌群落组成及优势种生态位研究应用.doc

马尾松纯林虫生真菌群落组成及优势种生态位研究 陈名君 刘玉军 周娜 樊美珍 李增智 黄勃* 安徽农业大学微生物防治省关键试验室 合肥 230036 摘 要：对麻姑山马尾松纯林虫生真菌群落进行了调查研究，共发觉了3科6属14种。该林区虫生真菌群落关键成份是环链棒束孢、球孢白僵菌和粉棒束孢，虫生菌种类较少，较为单一。对3种优势虫生真菌环链棒束孢、球孢白僵菌和粉棒束孢营养、时间及营养-时间二维生态位进行了分析。结果表明，环链棒束孢和粉棒束孢营养生态位重合度最大，和球孢白僵菌时间生态重合度最大。而球孢白僵菌营养生态位宽度、时间生态位宽度和营养-时间二维生态位宽度全部为最大。球孢白僵菌在自然界中发生时间长，分布范围广，寄主昆虫丰富，生存能力强实际情况也支持这一分析结果。 关键词：多度，生态位宽度，生态位重合度，球孢白僵菌 The component of entomogenous fungi community and the niche of dominant species in pure forest of CHEN Ming-Jun LIU Yu-Jun ZHOU Na FAN Mei-Zhen LI Zeng-Zhi HUANG Bo* Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Control, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China Abstract: The structure of entomogenous fungus communities of the artificial forest ecosystem of pure Masson’s pines in Magushan was investigated, and 3 families, 6 genera and 14 species were found. The main species of the community were Isaria cateinannulata, I. farinosa and Beauveria bassiana. The nutritional-niche, temporal-niche and nutritional-temporal two-dimension niche of these 3 dominant species were analyzed. The result showed that the largest nutritional niche overlap occurred between I. cateinannulata and I. farinosa, and the largest time niche overlap occurred between I. cateinannulata and B. bassiana. B. bassiana had the highest values in nutritional-niche breadth, temporal-niche breadth and two-dimensional niche width. The facts that B. bassiana has long occurring period, wide distribution, wide insect host ranges and Key words: abundance, niche breadth, niche overlap, Beauveria bassiana 生态位研究是多年来种群和群落生态学研究中很活跃领域，对于理论生态学发展产生了巨大推进作用。生态位是指种群在时间、空间位置和种群在群落地位和功效作用（Elton 1927；Grinell 1917）。自从Grinell（1917）首次将“生态位”（niche）一词引入生态学研究领域以来，生态位理论不停完善和发展（李军玲和张金屯 ）。生态位理论是生态学中关键基础理论和关键思想之一（Whittaker 1975；王伯荪 1987），在生态学研究很多领域被广泛应用，并对生态学很多关键问题做了成功解释。生态位研究在了解群落结构功效、群落内物种间关系、生物多样性、群落动态演替和种群进化等方面含相关键作用（张金屯 ），可用于解释生物之间、生物和环境之间相互作用机理（刘加珍等 ），并能够指导合理害虫生物防治。现在中国学者对植物群落中种群生态位（李登武等 ；向悟生等 ；苏志尧和吴大荣 ）和农林害虫及其天敌种群生态位（王竹红等 ；缪勇等 ；张健华等 ）全部有过不少