荷兰首都阿姆斯特丹英语.docxVIP

荷兰首都阿姆斯特丹英语 阿姆斯特丹荷兰首都及最大城市，人口约110万。位于该国西部省份北荷兰省，世界著名的大都市。接下来，小编给大家准备了荷兰首都阿姆斯特丹英语,欢迎大家参考与借鉴。 荷兰首都阿姆斯特丹英语 Amsterdam, seaport and principal city of the western Netherlands, in North Holland Province, near The Hague(海牙). Amsterdam is the countrys constitutional capital; the real seat of government, however, is in The Hague. Amsterdam is divided by more than 80 km of canals into about 90 islands joined by about 400 bridges. Amsterdam, chartered as a city in 1300, became a member of the Hanseatic League(汉萨同盟) in 1369. In the 17th century, after the successful conclusion of the Dutch wars for independence from Spain, Amsterdam became the chief commercial center of northern Europe. The city held this position until the late 18th century, when trade declined as a result of the silting(淤积;淤塞) of the Zuider Zee(须德海) and the British blockade before and during the Napoleonic Wars (1799-1815). In 1810 Napoleon incorporated the Netherlands into the French Empire. After his downfall(衰败，垮台) the Netherlands regained its independence and the seat of government was moved to The Hague. In the latter part of the 19th century, commercial activities revived with the opening of the North Sea and North Holland canals. During World War II (1939-1945), Amsterdam was occupied by the German army for five years. The people suffered great hardship and the port was badly damaged, but it has since been rebuilt and improved. Amsterdam is one of the most important commercial centers in Europe. The city is a major port linked to the North Sea and other European countries by a network of railways and canals, notably the North Sea Canal, which is navigable(适于航行的)by oceangoing(远洋航行的) vessels. Among leading industries in the city are shipbuilding, sugar refining, publishing, and the manufacture of heavy machinery, paper products, textiles and clothing, porcelain and glass, aircraft, automobiles, and chemicals. The city is also famous as a center for polishing and cutting diamonds and as th