外文翻译关于linux的介绍(introduction-to-linux).pdf

毕业设计说明书 英文文献及中文翻译 学生姓名： 学号：1021040330 学 院： 软件工程 专 业： 指导教师： 2014 年 6 月 Introduction to Linux 1.1 History 1.1.1 UNIX In order to understand the popularity of Linux, we need to travel back in time, ab out 30 years ago... Imagine computers as big as houses, even stadiums. While the sizes of those com puters posed substantial problems, there was one thing that made this even worse: eve ry computer had a different operating system. Software was always customized to ser ve a specific purpose, and software for one given system didnt run on another system. Being able to work with one system didnt automatically mean that you could work w ith another. It was difficult, both for the users and the system administrators. Computers were extremely expensive then, and sacrifices had to be made even after th e original purchase just to get the users to understand how they worked. The total cost of IT was enormous. Technologically the world was not quite that advanced, so they had to live with t he size for another decade. In 1969, a team of developers in the Bell Labs laboratories started working on a solution for the software problem, to address these compatibility issues. They developed a new operating system, which was simple and elegant written in the C programming language instead of in assembly code able to recycle code. The Bell Labs developers named their project UNIX. The code recycling features were very important. Until then, all commercially av ailable computer systems were written in a code specifically developed for one system. UNIX on the other hand needed only a small piece of that special code, which is now commonly named the kernel. This kernel is the only piece of code that needs to be ada pted for every specific system and fo