限制性定语从句用法归纳.pdfVIP

限制性定语从句用法归纳 1. 限制性定语从句是主句中先行词不可缺少的组成部分，如果去掉， 主句的意思往往不完整或不明确。 书写时， 先行词与定语从句之间不 用逗号分隔；译成汉语时， 一般先翻译限制性定语从句，再翻译先行 词。如： I still remember the teacher who taught me English. 我还记得教我英语 的那位老师。 Clock is a kind of instrument which can tell people time. 钟是一种能够 告诉人们时间的仪器。 2. who 与 that 在定语从句中可作主语或宾语。作介词宾语时， who 和 that 不能放在介词之后， 应将介词放在定语从句相关动词或形容词 之后；如果将介词提前放在定语从句的前面，则不能用 who 或 that， 而要用 whom 或 which 。另外， whom 或 which 作宾语时常可省略， 但前面有介词时则不可省略。试比较： 译： 我们所住的房子被拆除了。 正： The house where we lived was demolished. 正： The house in which we lived was demolished. 正： The house (which / that) we lived in was demolished. 误： The house in that we lived was demolished. 值得注意的是，某些固定短语的介词不能提前。一般来说，如果短语 的意思与组成该短语的单词意思一致或基本一致，为可以拆开的短 语，如 look at, be interested in等；如果短语的意思与组成该短语的单 1 / 3 天仁集团 版权所有 禁止转载 词意思不一致或已发生改变， 为不可拆开的短语，如 look after, look for 等。如： This is the book (that) he is interested in. = This is the book in which he is interested. 这就是他感兴趣的那本书。 译：这就是他正在寻找的那本书。 正：This is the book that he is looking for. 误： This is the book for which he is looking. 3. 如果有两个或两个以上的先行词，分别指人或事物，应用 that 作 引导词，不用 who 或 which 。如： We know nothing about the writers and their works (that) they are talking about. 对于他们正在谈论的那些作家及其作品我们一无所知。 She was looking at the children and parcels that filled the car. 她在看管 车上的孩子和包裹。 误： She was looking at the children and parcels which filled the car. 4. that, which, when, where 修饰表示时间或地点的名词，作主语或宾 语，用 that 或 which ；作时间状语， 用 when；作地点状语， 用 where。 如： The town where I was born is developing. 我出生的城镇正在发展中。 （作地点状语） The town that / which I was born in is developing. 我出生的城镇正在发 展中。 （作介词in 的宾语） The town that / which is developing is my birthplace. 正在发展的那座 2 / 3 天仁集团 版权所有 禁止转载