小学教育-小学数学“用字母表示数”教学中的问题与对策研究――以宿迁市B小学为例.docx

小学数学“用字母表示数”教学中的问题与对策研究 ——以宿迁市B小学为例 摘要 “数与代数”是小学数学中的一个重要学习领域，“用字母表示数”是小学生学习代数知识的基础。在这个阶段接触“用字母表示数”意味着学生数学思维的转变和过渡。本研究主要对宿迁市B小学“用字母表示数”教学现状进行研究，以五、六年级学生和小学数学教师为调查对象，运用问卷调查法、访谈法等方法，从教学实际出发调查当前“用字母表示数”教学中存在的问题。通过分析发现，主要存在的问题有：①教师对“用字母表示数”含义理解模糊；②教师代数思维培养意识薄弱；③情境创设不足，远离生活实际；④教师忽视学生心理与年龄特征；⑤学生对数学符号认识不足；⑥学生的应用意识不强。依据研究提出了四点教学策略：①钻研教学内容，把握数学本质；②积极创设情境，联系生活实际；③教学循序渐进，注重思维过渡；④关注数学概念理解，提高数学思考能力。通过对这部分内容的研究，为“用字母表示数”的教学提供切实有效的教学策略，从而加深学生对用字母表示数的理解。 关键词 小学数学 用字母表示数 代数思维 教学策略 The Problems and Countermeasures in the Teaching of “Using Letters to Express Numbers”in Primary School Mathematics Abstract Number and Algebra is an important learning field in primary school mathematics, using letters to express numbers is the basis for primary school students to learn algebra knowledge. In this stage, the contact with using letters to express numbers means the change and transition of students mathematical thinking. This study mainly studies the current teaching situation of using letters to express numbers in B primary school of Suqian City, taking the fifth and sixth grade students and primary school mathematics teachers as the survey objects, using the methods of questionnaire, interview, etc. to investigate the current problems in the teaching of using letters to express numbers from the teaching reality. Through the analysis, the main problems are : ① the teachers have a vague understanding of the meaning of using letters to express numbers; ② the teachers awareness of algebraic thinking is weak; ③ the situation creation is insufficient, far away from the reality of life; ④ the teachers neglect students psychological and age characteristics; ⑤the students lack of understanding of mathematical symbols; ⑥ the students have a weak awareness of application. According to the research, four teaching strategies are put forward: ①study the teaching content and grasp the essence of Mathematics; ② actively create situations and connect with the reality of life; ③teach step by step, pay