第八次体细胞突变与肿瘤2015.pdfVIP

体细胞突变与肿瘤 哪些细胞突变后产生肿瘤？ 为什么会产生突变？ 突变有哪些类型？ 哪些基因突变可以致癌？ 突变为什么致癌？ 为什么有些肿瘤有 聚集性？ 一、肿瘤细胞的特点 normal cell growth The multiplication of cells is efully regulated and responsive to specific needs of the body. young animal: cell multiplication cell death, so the size reased; adult: cell birth and death are balanced renewal of some adult cell types: • intestinal cells a few days • white blood cells replaced as rapidly. • human red blood cells 100-day half-life, • healthy liver cells rarely die, • bra ells little or no replacement. How Cancer Cells Differ from Normal Cells • grow ontrol Morphology a high nucleus-to-cytoplasm ratio prominent nucleoli many mitoses relatively little specialized structure • cell-to-cell interactions • membrane properties • cytoskeletal structure • protein secretion e.g. plasminogen activator • gene expression What kind of cells do cancers originate ? There are about 300 different types of cells in the human body. 200 different types of human cancers have been recognized. Cancers Originate in Proliferating Cells * mutations occur in nondividing cells (e.g., neurons and muscle cells) that generally do not induce cancer * nondividing differentiated cells such as ne, and keratinized cells that form the skin are continually replaced by differentiation of stem cells. * Cancer cel re closer in their properties to stem cells than to more mature dif