近30年间乌梁素海雀形目鸟类种类组成变化特征.docxVIP

近30年间乌梁素海雀形目鸟类种类组成变化特征      　　Abstract：Based on the field survey on species composition and seasonal distribution of Passeriformes in Wuliangsuhai Inner Mongolia from 2014 to 2017, the changing characteristics and its reasons of species and residence types during last 30 years were analysed according to the data available.The results showed that:40 species of Passeriformes which belonged to 14 families were recorded during the survey and among them 4 of them are new records.24, 22, 25, and 20 species were recorded respectively in spring, summer, autumn, and winter.There were totally 95 species induding 91 species of 21 families according to documentation and 4 new records in our survey.Compared with The Avifauna of Wuliangsuhai Inner Mongolia; (1996) , 12 species were added and 41 species of 6 families were reduced.This is mainly related to the reduction of alkaline grassland, bushwood, forest, and grassland around Wuliangsuhai.Some changes of the residence type of some species are related to the climate warming. 　　Keyword：Wuliangsuhai;passeriformes;birds;dynamic changes; 　　雀形目鸟类的种类和数量众多且分布广泛, 成为自然环境中的重要成员, 对生态系统平衡发挥重要作用.多数雀形目鸟类不仅是农林牧益鸟, 而且体态优美、鸣声悦耳、羽色艳丽, 具有极高的观赏价值, 丰富人们的精神文化生活.调查研究乌梁素海鸟类的已有文献多数为整个湖泊湿地全部鸟类[1,2,3,4,5,6,7], 其中虽然涵盖了雀形目鸟类, 但专论雀形目鸟类种类组成的论文并不多见[8], 至今未见较长时间尺度的年际动态变化及原因分析的专文报道.雀形目鸟类在乌梁素海湿地、树林、草地、农田、居民区等多种生境中均分布栖息, 成为乌梁素海生态系统中不可或缺的组成部分.本文在2014-2017年间对乌梁素海雀形目鸟类种类组成和季节分布进行实地调查的基础上, 根据已有文献数据比较分析了近30年间的种类组成变化特征及原因, 为乌梁素海鸟类资源的基础研究和保护管理提供科学依据.  　　1、研究地概况 　　乌梁素海位于内蒙古乌拉特前旗境内 (40deg;36prime;-41deg;03prime;N, 108deg;43prime;-108deg;57prime;E) , 湖区南北长35-40km, 东西宽5-10km, 湖岸线长130km[9].湖区水生植被主要有芦苇 (Phragmites australis) 和香蒲 (Typha latifolia) , 周围盐碱滩地上生长盐爪爪 (Kalidium cuspidayum) 、碱蓬 (Suaeda glauca) 、芨芨草 (Achnatherum splendens) 等.农田中主要种植玉米、向日葵、西葫芦等, 田间和居民区周围有杨树 (Populus sp.) 、垂柳 (Salix babylonica) 和沙枣 (Elaeagnus angustifolia) 等树木, 田间荒地生长少量的红柳 (Tamarix ramosissima) 和白刺 (Nitraria tangutorum) ;沙丘和荒漠草原生长白刺、芨芨草、柠条锦鸡儿 (Caragana korshin