开放式创新综述.docVIP

How open is innovation? Research Policy Volume 39, Issue 6, July 2010, Pages 699-709 Linus Dahlander9 , David M. Gann a Stanford University, USA b Imperial College London, United Kingdom This paper is motivated by a desire to clarify the definition of openness^ as currently used in the literature on open innovation, and to re-conceptualize the idea for future research on the topic. We combine bibliographic analysis of all papers on the topic published in Thomsons ISI Web of Knowledge (ISI) with a systematic con tent analysis of the field to develop a deeper un derstanding of earlier work? Our review indicates two inbound processes: sourcing and acquiring, and two outbound processes, revealing and selling? We analyze the advantages and disadvantages of these different forms of openness- The paper con eludes with implications for theory and practice, charting several promising areas for future research? Keywords: Appropriability; Complementary assets; Ope nn ess; In novation; Open innovation; Review; Content analysis Article Outline 1 ? Introduction Review method The boundaries of the firm and openness Different types of openness 4?l? Revealing: Outbound innovation——pecuniary Definition 4?1?2. Advantages 4.13 Disadvantages Selling: outbound innovation一pecuniary Definition Advantages Disadvantages Sourcing: inbound innovation一non-pecuniary Definition Advantages Disadvantages Acquiring: Inbound innovation一pecuniary Definition Advantages Disadvantages Combining different types of openness Discussion 5.1 ? Implications for theory Implications for practice Future research Concluding remark Acknowledgements References InUoduction How does ope nn ess influence films ability to innovate and appropriate ben efits of innovation? These questions lie at the heart of recent research on innovation (e.g. [Chesbrough, 2003a], [Helfat, 2006J and [Laursen and Salter, 2006a] ). Their answers require a conceptual frame that defines and classifies different dimensions of openness. There