2019年中考英语被动语态语法讲解.docVIP

2019年中考英语被动语态语法讲解 (名师精讲语法知识点+实战训练，值得下载练习) 1. 考点： 知识点 考纲要求 考查题型 被动语态 1. 掌握含有双宾语及复合宾语的句子变为被动语态； 2. 掌握主动形式表示被动意义。 单项选择 句型转换 完形填空 2. 难点： 主动形式表示被动意义 一、含有双宾语（直接宾语和间接宾语）的句子变为被动句 （1）可将间接宾语变为主语，直接宾语保持不变。 【例句】 I gave him a present yesterday. →He was given a present yesterday. 昨天我给了他一件礼物。 （2）可将直接宾语变为主语，间接宾语用介词to或for引导。 常接to的动词有：give, tell, lend, send, show, pass, offer等。 常接for的动词有：bring, make, buy, cook等。 【例句】 I gave him a present yesterday. →A present was given to him yesterday. 昨天我给了他一件礼物。 二、含有复合宾语（宾语+宾语补足语）的句子变为被动句 （1）带复合宾语的动词变为被动语态时，只把宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾语补足语仍留原处，作主语补足语。 【例句】 Our teacher told us to clean the classroom at once. →We were told to clean the classroom at once by our teacher. 我们老师告诉我们立刻打扫教室。 （2）后接现在分词作宾语补足语的动词变为被动语态时，宾语补足语部分不变。 【例句】 We heard Jim playing the guitar in his room. →Jim was heard playing the guitar in his room. 我们听到吉姆正在他房间里弹吉他。 （3）后接动词原形作宾语补足语时，在被动句中把省略的to补出。 接动词原形作宾补的动词：feel, listen, hear, let, make, have, watch, see, look, notice, help 等。 【例句】 We saw an alien get out of the UFO. →An alien was seen to get out of the UFO. 我们看到一个外星人走出飞碟。 三、短语动词的被动语态 在变为被动语态时，要将短语动词视为一个整体，其后的介词或副词不能省去。 【例句】 Jack turned on the TV just now. →The TV was turned on by Jack just now. 杰克刚才打开了电视机。 四、主动形式表示被动意义 【拓展】 1. 系动词feel, look, sound, smell, taste用主动形式表示被动意义。 2. 动词open, read, sell, drive, write等作不及物动词，它们的主语为物，用主动形式表示被动意义。 3. want/ need/ require +doing相当于want/ need/ require +to be done。to be done为不定式的被动结构。 4. 不及物动词没有被动语态，如take place, happen。 一、单项选择 1. This listening material, together with its CD-ROMs, ____________ well. A. sells B. sell C. is sold D. are sold 2. How dirty the tables are! They need ____________. A. to clean B. clean C. cleaned D. to be cleaned 3. Some new presents _________________ me by my friends last week. A. were bought to B. are bought for C. were bought for D. bought for 4. Those who are not good at English can’t ______________ by others. A. laugh at B. be laughed C. be laug