物理化学052最新.pptVIP

* Review 1 The criterion of a spontaneous chemical reaction 2 The description of an equilibrium of reaction 3 The isothermal(constant temperature) equation .精品课件. * Review 1 Several symbols [1]The Gibbs energy of a reaction system, G [2]The reaction Gibbs energy: ?rGm = (?G/??)P,T [3] The standard reaction Gibbs Energy [4] is the Gibbs energy of mixing A and B [5] Standard Gibbs energy of formation .精品课件. * 2 Several relations: [1] relation of reaction Gibbs energy (?rGm) to the chemical potentials of the species, ?rGm =?products - ?reactants [2] The standard equilibrium constant (K) and the standard reaction Gibbs energy = -RT In Ko [3] general expression for ?rGm at an arbitrary stage of the reaction, ?rGm = + RT In Q .精品课件. * Review [5]thermodynamic equilibrium constant, (热力学平衡常数)can expressed in terms of activities (or fugacities): K for Perfect gas reaction, solution reaction and heterogeneous reaction has different form. [6] in terms of standard Gibbs energies of formation, .精品课件. * The content for this class 1The standard Gibbs energy of reaction in solution 2 The response of equilibria to the conditions [1] How equilibria respond to pressure? [2]The effect of inert gas on equilibria [3] Le Chateliers principle [4]The response of equilibria to temperature (van t Hoff equation) 3 The coexist equilibrium .精品课件. * 1 The standard Gibbs energy of reaction in solution  (1) Because the value of standard Gibbs energy formation( 标准生成吉布斯自由能)is for a pure species, so the value of the standard reaction Gibbs energy(反应的标准吉布斯自由能变) indicated that the standard state of each reactant and product is in the pure state. .精品课件. * The standard state for the species in solution reaction maybe not the pure state. (1) The solution need not distinguish solvent (溶剂)and solute(溶质) Equation (1) can be used to calculate