不动产开发战略和创新 .pptxVIP

REAL ESTATE DEVELOPMENT ---- Strategies and Innovation; Research and development (RD): 0.4% of annual sales Compared to automative 3% of annual sales, chemical 4%, drug companies 5% ;Trends of Construction Industry(Source: Construction industry Executive Board, 1995);Characteristics Complexity Time-consuming Diversity, each construction project is unique, ---- nonstandardized nature of production Subject to the influence of highly variable and unpredictable factors ;Characteristics, in other words Transient nature Dynamic/continually changing Nonrepetitive Lack of data Lack of sta