焊接吊车梁的D-盖斯网纹疲劳外文文献翻译、中英文翻译.docVIP

CERTAIN LAWS OF FATIGUE D~GES IN WELDED CRANE GIRDERS A. B. Patrikeev UDC 624.014.25.004.6 Massive damage to crane runway girders, recently observed in shops at various plants, is attracting broad attention from specialists. In connection with this, questions regarding the improvement of the girders and developing methods of designing them have been the subject of a large number of investigations. However, there has yet been no significant increase in girder reliability, and the discussion continues on such important matters as the mechanism of formation of cracks and methods of their prevention. Together with fundamental problems caused by the specifics of the stress state of the sections in which cracks are forming and growing (nonuniform biaxial compression, reorientation of the principal sections with each loading cycle, etc.), the development of methods of predicting fatigue and improving the design of the beams is being delayed by the fact that insufficient attention is being given to the features of the damage they incur in service. Examined below are the most common types of damage in welded crane runway girders and certain laws governing their formation, which have been established by investigating designs in existing shops and studying specimens obtained from these beams. Figure 1 schematically depicts the main types of fatigue cracks which occur in the upper sections of runway girders. The data in Table i, obtained independently of each other, show that the main form of girder fracture is cracking of the welds connecting the web with the top flange. About 80% of all of the types of damage are accounted for by such cracks. These cracks were also cited as the main reason for the failure of girders at plants in the Federal Republic of Germany [i], Poland [2], and England [3]. To study the conditions of formation and character of propagation of the cracks, batches (groups) of specimens were obtained from dismantl