油层物理学：Section 4 Relative Permeability (相对渗透率).ppt

* Section 4 Relative Permeability (相对渗透率) Darcy’s law, as originally developed in Chap.2, was considered to apply when the porous medium was fully saturated with a single-phase fluid. In petroleum reservoirs, however, the porous medium simultaneously transmits oil, gas, water, or oil-gas-water mixtures. It is necessary to generalize Darcy’s law by introducing the concept of effective permeability to describe the simultaneous flow of more than one fluid. Section 4 Relative Permeability (相对渗透率) 1. Definitions of Absolute, Effective and Relative Permeabilities (1)Absolute permeability (绝对渗透率): A measure of the ability of a porous medium to transmit only one fluid. (2)Effective permeability (有效渗透率): The permeability of a porous medium only for one fluid during a simultaneous filtration of multiphase systems. Qw Qo Ko, Kw—effective permeability of oil and water. The two fluids are independant→Darcy’s low can be used. (3)Relative permeability (相对渗透率): The ratio between the effective and the absolute permeability Relative permeability to water: Relative permeability to oil: Influencing factors: wettability, saturation. The effective permeability depends on the properties of the porous medium, the saturation of fluids, the wettability of rock surface. ( kw + ko k ) Example3.4.1: L= 3 cm, A=4.9 cm2. It is saturated with the brine, μ=1 mPa·s. △p=0.1MPa, Q=0.5cm3/s. Calculate the absolute permeability. Solution: Example3.4.2: The core is saturated with oil (30%) and brine (70%). The oil viscosity is 2.99mPa·s. Under the same pressure difference, the flow rates for oil phase and water phase are 0.02cm3/s and 0.30cm3/s respectively. Effective permeability for water: Effective permeability for oil: ( kw + ko =0.1837+0.0366=0.2203μm2 k=0.306μm2 ) Relative permeability to water: Relative permeability to oil: The sum of the effective permeability for each phase flowing in the rock is less than the absolute permeability of the rock. The reason is th