供应链物流管理中科院龚其国二sclm chapter 11.pptVIP

Logistical Management Chapter 1 Supply Chain Logistics Management Chapter 11: Transportation Infrastructure and Regulation Transportation Management Transportation Value Contribution Freight Transportation Modes Cost Structure Service Capabilities Transportation Modes Rail Motor Air Water Pipeline Intermodal “Premium” Basic Modes of Transportation Fixed costs Var. costs Traffic composition Rail high low bulk food, mining, heavy mfg Motor low medium consumer goods, medium/light mfg Water medium low bulk food, mining, chemicals Air low high high-value goods, rush shipments Pipe high low petroleum, chemicals, mineral slurry Relative Service Characteristics Operating characteristics Rail Motor Water Air Pipe Speed 3 2 4 1 5 Availability 2 1 4 3 5 Dependability 3 2 4 5 1 Capability 2 3 1 4 5 Flexibility 3 1 4 2 5 Composite 13 9 17 15 21 1 = best, 5=worst Intermodal Transport PrinciplesEconomies of Scale Transportation Cost Theory Economy of Scale 1 Transportation Cost Theory (cont.) Economy of Scale 2 Transport PrinciplesEconomies of Distance Transportation Formats Common carriers Contract carriers Private carriers Exempt carriers Non-operating intermediaries Freight forwarders Shipper’s Associations/Cooperatives and Agents Brokers Changing Transportation Environment Deregulation Time-based competition Expanding geographic coverage Information technology Intermodal Traditional Mode/Carrier Selection Transportation Costs Product related Density Stowability Ease/difficulty of handling Liability Market related Competition level Location of markets Nature and extent of regulation Balance of freight traffic Seasonality of product movements Domestic vs. International Pricing and Rate Negotiations rate variance Transportation Regulatory Environment - Economic Objectiv