机械制造基础06焊接基础Fusion Welding Processes.pptVIP

Cracks in Welded Joints Figure 30.21 Types of cracks developed in welded joints. The cracks are caused by thermal stresses, similar to the development of hot tears in castings (see also Fig. 10.12). Crack in Weld Bead Figure 30.22 Crack in a weld bead. The two welded components were not allowed to contract freely after the weld was completed. Source: Courtesy of Packer Engineering. 1. Weld crack（焊接裂纹）： 1)Hot crack（热裂纹）： 特征：发生在焊缝区，在焊缝结晶过程中形成，叫结晶裂纹。发生在热影响区，在加热到过热温度时因晶间低熔点杂质发生熔化而产生，叫液化裂纹。裂纹沿晶间开裂，有氧化色彩。 产生原因：晶间存在液态薄膜；接头存在拉应力。 防止措施：控制低熔点杂质，S、P等；适当提高焊缝成形系数，防止中心偏析；碳含量应在0.10%以下；减小焊接应力。 2)Cold cra