确定需求下的库存管理 .pptxVIP

;Teaching aims;Primary coverage;Focus and difficulty;§12.1;12.1 Inventory Management;The costs associated with storing inventory are very large, perhaps a quarter of the value of the inventory. Just-in-time inventory system (准时化库存系统) emphasizes planning and scheduling so that the needed materials arrive just-in-time for their use. JIT的思想可以概括为“在需要的时候，按需要的量生产需要的产品” ;12.1 Scientific inventory management;§12.2 A Case Study;Background of ACT;The tires have been selling at a regular rate of about 500 per month. Manager’s policy has been to place an order with Eversafe for 1,000 tires as needed every couple months. The order is placed just in time to have the delivery arrive as the inventory runs out.(因此库存用完之前的第九天就开始订货) ;;Are you sure?;§12.3; Cost component 1: Acquisition cost (获得成本);Acquisition cost---whether a product is purchased or manufactured, there is a direct cost associated with bringing it into inventory. The direct cost of replenishing inventory is acquisition cost. ; Notation: c=unit acquisition cost ACT Example: Purchase price=$20per tire c=$20 per tire ;The setup cost consists of the various administrative costs (管理成本) associated with initiating and processing the purchase order, receiving the shipment, and processing the payment. （准本成本由各种管理成本构成，包括准备和处理购货单、接收运抵的货物和处理付款手续等。） ;Notation: K=setup cost ACT Example: For each order, there will be a labor cost of $90 and also associated overhead costs (supervision, office space, etc.) of $25. The sum of these two figures is $115. Administration cost for placing an order = $115 k=$115 ;These costs represents the costs associated with holding the items in inventory until they are needed elsewhere. For the ACT example, this kind of cost includes the cost of capital tied up in inventory（库存占用资金的成本，比如利息） as well as the cost of space, insurance, protection etc. ;Notation: h=annual holding cost per unit held =unit ho