裁判结果对公众诉求的合理引入.docxVIP

裁判结果对公众诉求的合理引入 Abstract：At the moment when judicature becomes the constant focus of the public opinions and judicial credibility is under great challenge， the courthouse is confronted with the problem whether or not the judicial decisions should respond to the public appeal and if they do， how. In fact， this problem can be solved by slightly expanding the content of social harmfulness caused by the crime. The three-dimensional perspectives of social harmfulness caused by a crime can be clean constructed through the analysis on the criminal harmfulness to the nation， to the society and to the individual. The crime is not just a violation of legal interests at the level of constitutive requirements and produces harmfulness， but a violation of the national law order as far as the nation is concerned. Also， the crime causes material and spiritual injuries to the victims family， and does harm to the peoples sense of lawfulness and security. All being said， the public appeal is an important aspect to show the degree of criminal harmfulness and therefore， the judicial decisions made by the authorities should take these three aspects of harmfulness into consideration. Keywords：public appeal； sense of lawfulness； sense of security； harmfulness to the society 在舆论不断关注司法的当下，裁判是否应该回应民众诉求，以及如何回应民众诉求成为急需解决的问题。对此，理论界的一些学者大都持否定态度。比如，高一飞教授就认为，法官如果考虑公众诉求，就会丧失中立的立场，势必将自己卷入当事人之间的利益冲突，难以保证公众的面目。而来自实务界的一些同志，基于对当前司法裁判与舆论的紧张状况之分析，则企图将公众诉求引入裁判结果。比如说，熊寿伟同志在《人民司法应用》2021年第21期上发表的题为《裁判结果对公众诉求的合理引入——以利益衡量为方法》一文（以下简称熊文）就是如此，为此熊文还提出了将公众合理诉求引入裁判的实现路径。不得不承认，从应然层面来看，将公众诉求引入裁判结果有利于司法公信力的构建。但遗憾的是，我国学者大都只是从应然层面，就目前司法所面对的困境是否应该引入民众诉求发表了自己的看法，而并没有从实然层面，就现行法律体系下，是否可以引入民众诉求进行相关论述。因而，大部分学者的文章其效果仍停留在理论层面，对于司法实践的指引作用不大。笔者以为，应然层面固然重要，但实然层面的考量亦不可或缺，否则，贸然将民众诉求引入裁判结果不仅难以说服刑法学界，更有甚者，有违罪刑法定及刑诉法基本原则之嫌。换言之，要将民众诉求引入裁判结果，除了应然层面的论证之外，还必须得从刑法、刑诉法就有关裁判的依据上进行分析。在司法实践中，民众诉求，主要是针对量刑而言，也主要影响量刑，因而对刑法、刑诉法就有关裁判依据的分析就是对刑法、刑诉法有关量刑条款的分析。如若民众诉求能为刑事法的有关量刑条款所包容，则在今后的裁判结果中可以也应该引入民众诉求，否则不行。 一、 刑事法对裁判依据的基本规定及其分析 刑事法对裁判依