美国桥隧抗震策略发展.pptx

Earthquake Hazard Mitigation Strategies and Countermeasures in US Highway Infrastructure Outline • Backgrounds – Risk Management Hazard Mitigation • Seismic Hazard Mitigation Measures/ Strategies / Solutions - Resilience – Designing – New Bridges • LRFD Seismic Design Guide Spec. – Retrofitting – Existing Bridges • Seismic Retrofitting Manual / Guidelines – Planning – Risk Analysis Loss Estimation • REDARS 2: Methodology and Software for Seismic Risk Analysis of Highway Systems • Current Seismic Studies Research Others Future Challenges • Likelihood of occurrence of a natural event in terms of it’s maximum intensity Weakness or fragility of roads/bridges against a natural event Quantitative expression of uncertainties and harmful consequences associated with a hazard • Map of the United States susceptible to various types of hazards. 2011 Tohouku Earthquake in Japan w/ Tsunami 9.0 Magnitude with almost 3g acceleration recorded Hurricane SANDY CAT 2 Flooded homes in Tuckerton, N.J., on Oct. 30 after Hurricane Sandy • Earthquake • Flood • Scour • Hurricane • Vessel Collision • Security • ??? THE CONCEPT OF RESILIENCE IN HAZARD MITIGATIONS Seismic Resilience Concept System resilience, after Bruneau (Buckle and Lee, 2006). Functionality Resilience Infrastructure Resilience • Resistance • Reliability • Redundancy • Response and Recovery US Highway Infrastructure Inventories • ~ 600,000 Highway Bridges in the NBI Data • ~ 300 Tunnels • ~ 4,200,000 miles Roads Significant Earthquake Damages in the U.S. 1964-2001 Location Date Magnitude Damages Deaths (in Millions) Prince William Sound, AK 03/27/1964 02/09/1971 10/17/1989 01/17/1994 02/28/2001 8.4 $311.0 $505.0 125 65 San Fernando, CA Loma Prieta, CA Northridge, CA Nisqually, WA 6.6 7.1 6.7 6.8 $6,000.0 $20,000.0 $2,100.0 63 61 1? Four Major Comprehensive Seismic Research Studies in Highway Bridges • Seismic Vulnerability Studies of Highway Constructions – Existing Bridges (Initiated 1992, $12 M/ 6 years) – New Bridges (