高二英语第四单元grammar.pptVIP

Unit 4;Unit 4 Astronomy: the science of the stars;Learning about Language: Grammar;我们知道在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词性从句。名词性从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语, 宾语，表语，同位语，介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句。;Read the two sentences firstly.;主语从句在复合句中作句子的主语。引导主语从句的词有从属连词that, whether, if；连接代词who, whoever, whom, what, whatever, whose, which；连接副词when, where, how, why等。;观察下列例句，指出其中所包含的主语 从句及引导词: 1. What is needed for a long trip is careful preparation. 该句中主语从句是 __________________ _________，引导词为 _____。;2. That Jay Zhou will come to my city excites everybody. 该句中主语从句是 _________________ ______________，引导词为_____。 3. Whether we will travel abroad or not has not been decided. 该句中主语从句是 _________________ __________________，引导词为 _________。;4. Whoever knows the secret mustn’t tell others. 该句中主语从句是__________________ ______，引导词为________。 5. It remains a puzzle why dinosaurs died out suddenly long time ago. 该句中主语从句是_________________ _______________________，引导词为 _____。;【观察总结】 通过分析上面例句，同学们可能会发现上面第5句中的主语从句似乎比较隐蔽。其实，这也是主语从句的一种呈现方式，即：当一个句子主语过长时，可以用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语或主语从句后移至句子末尾，以保持句子的平衡。注意观察下列例句中的划线部分：;It is not clear how the accident happened. It is not hard to understand why he did so at that time. It is a pity that you should have made such a careless mistake. It is reported that more than thirty deaths were caused in the accident.;不难看出，虽然上面例句中都用it作形式主语，但句子结构却不尽相同。现将常见的由it作形式主语的句型总结如下： 1. It be + n. + that从句 2. It be + adj. + that从句，常见此类形容 词有：important, necessary, clear, certain, natural, strange, obvious, likely, impossible, possible等。;3. It+不及物动词+that从句 It seems / appears ... that ... 似乎…… It happened (to sb.) that ... （某人）碰巧…… 4. It + be + 过去分词 + 主语从句 It is said / reported / believed / suggested / known / proved that ...;【要点精讲】 1. what与that引导主语从句 观察下列例句，试着翻译例句并总结 其规律。 (1) What you lack is self-confidence. 译为：_________________________;(2) That more and more students are admitted into universities is true. 译为：___________________________