suc行业技术-行业政策-行业减排for chen huadong design options for a scm in a post-2012.pptVIP

Design options for a sectoral crediting mechanism in a post-2012 climate regime Interim results from a study for the GWEC Side-event by GWEC Poznan, Poland, 5 December 2008 How does a SCM work? Key features of a SCM Voluntary participation - no sanctions if the emissions are above the crediting baseline Strong financial incentives for host countries through the carbon market Crediting baseline can be set below BAU emissions= net mitigation contribution from the mechanism Allows crediting emission reductions from policies(large potential!) Allows up-scaling the post-2012 carbon market Coverage of all entities within the sector boundary Avoids the hypothetical assessment of the additionality of individual projects Possible government arrangements Key challenges of a SCM Data availability Definition of the sector upstream, downstream emissions avoiding double counting avoiding carbon leakage Uncertainty in estimating future BAU emissions and the mitigation potential Choosing the crediting baseline Creating incentives for the private sector National and international institutional arrangements Transition from the current CDM International competition / carbon leakage concerns = Many methodological challenges, many design options to be negotiated Types of sectoral crediting baselines Absolute emissions baselines Baseline is determined ex ante in t CO2e in year x Emission intensity baselines / indexed baselines Ex ante: definition of indexes + fixed intensity baseline(e.g. t CO2 / MWh electricity, t CO2 / GDP) Ex post: monitoring of indexes + calculation of absolute baseline emission level Technology penetration baselines Ex ante: definition of baseline technology penetration level(e.g. MW, MWh or % of renewable power) Ex post: calculation of achieved emission reductions with EF expressing difference BAU technology ? targeted technology Key issues for choosing the baseline type Incentives for mitigation Production intensity baselines (e.g. CO2/kWh) do not allow