英语宾语从句定语从句状语从句讲解与练习.docx

精品文档 宾语从句 一，引导词 A，由 that 引导的陈述句性的宾语从句， 在很多动词如 say， think ， wish ， hope ， see ， believe ， agree ， expect ， hear ， feel 等动词后。连词 that 只起连接作用，在从句中不 做句子的成分，也无词汇意义，在口语中常被省略，但在大多数情况下还是以不省为好，特别是在笔语中。 例： I told him that he was wrong. l 在 think ，believe ， suppose ， expect 等动词引起的宾语从句中，有时谓语尽管是否定 意义，却不用否定形式，而将 think 等动词变为否定形式。 例： I don ’t think you are right. ( 我认为你做的不对 ) l 在许多带有复合宾语的句子中， that 引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后面，而用 it 做形式宾语。 例： We think it wrong that he told a lie to everyone ( 我认为他向每一个人撒谎是错 误的 ) B，由连词 if 、 whether 引导的表示是否的宾语从句。 Whether， if 在从句中不做句子的 成分，一般情况下， whether 和 if 可以替换。 例： I don ’t know if/whether he will come tomorrow. The teacher asked if/whether we had finished the experiment. l 在介词后面的宾语从句中不用 if 引导 例： Everything depends on whether we have enough money 。 l 宾语从句中有 or not 时不用 if 引导 . 例： I don ’t know whether the movie star will come or not. l 和不定式连用作宾语时不用 if 引导 . 例： Whether to go there or not hasn ’t been decided. C，由 wh-引导的宾语从句。 连接代词 who，whom，whose， what ， which ，和连接副词 when，where， why， how 等连接的宾语从句，它们在句中即有连接从句的作用，又在句中充当句子的成分。 例： Do you know which film they are talking about? (which 做定语 ) I don ’ t know where he lives. (where 做地点状语 ) 二，宾语从句的语序 宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序，既连接词 +主语 +谓语 +其他成分 例： I believe that they will come soon. He asked me whether I was a teacher. They wanted to know what they can do for us. 三，宾语从句的时态。 宾语从句的时态受主句的限制，即：主句是一般现在时态，从句根据实际情况而定。主句是 一般过去时态， 从句用相应的过去的时态。 如果从句的动作发生在主句之前， 则从句要用过去完 成时态。例 : 1)She says that she is a student. She said that she was a student. 2)She says that she will fly to Japan in a week. She said that she would fly to Japan in a week. . 精品文档 3)She says that she has finished her homework already. She said that she had finished her homework already. 4)She says that she can sing a song in English. She said that she could sing a song in English. 如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时，这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。例： The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun. He told me that Japan is an island country. Could you tell me 是用来征询对方的意见，语气委婉，并不表示过去。 例： Could you tell me when