翻译的功能类型.pptVIP

Functionalism Plus Loyalty as an Alternative Model Since obviously the equivalence model is not adequate to the needs of professional translation in a modern society, here are what we need for an alternative:既然对等理论不足以满足现代社会职业翻译的需要，以下是几种替代模式： 1. a pragmatic model语用模式 2. a cultural-oriented model文化导向模式 3. a consistent model一致模式 4. a comprehensive model综合模式 5. an anti-universalist model反普遍主义模式 6. a practical model实践模式 7. an expert model专家模式 The Skopos Model目的论 One of the main factors in the skopos of a communicative activity is the receiver or addressee with the their specific communicative n