新版新目标英语七年级下册unit12知识点总结.docxVIP

Unit12 What did you do last weekend? Section A 1. camp vi 宿营；露营；扎营 go camping 去野营 (2) n.野营；帐篷；营地  camp out 野营 露营 summer camp 夏令营  winter camp  冬令营 2. by (1)by+地点名词 表方位，在 ? 旁边 by the lake/river/tree/window/door by the side of the path在.路边注：表从 ? 旁经过 ,多与动词 go/walk/pass等连用。 (2)by+时间名词 到 ?时（已发生某事），谓语多用完成时；最晚、不迟于 ?，在 ?之前 by now/then/this time/next Friday/the end of/three o`clock等。 By the end of last year,another new gymnasium had been completed到去年年底，又有一座新体育馆峻工了。 (3)by+名词 表方法、方式、手段等。 A. by+the+可数的时间、长度、重量等名词。按 ? 计算，按 ?买 (卖) by the pound/ton/yard/meter/dozen/bale/day/month等。 B. by+表示时间、长度、重量等总称的不可数名词（名词前不加冠词）。按  ? 计算，按 ?买 (卖) by time/volume/length/weight/height/depth/width/area 等。 C. by+交通工具、交通方式名词（名词前不加冠词，不变复数）。通过 ?，由 ?，乘 ? by train/rail/tube/taxi/bus/truck/bike/boat/plane;by land/road/sea/water/air等。（ on foot) D. by+抽象名词或具有抽象意义的普通名词（名词前不加冠词，不变复数）靠 ?，通过 ?，由 ?所致 by skill/determination/practice/diligence/inference/chance/accident; by mail/letter/radio/fax/telephone/telegraph/hand/machine等。 E.by+地点或工具等具体名词。表路线、途径，通过（某物、某地），取道 ? by a stone bridge/the back door/the freeway/country roads等 F.by+动词 ing 通过 ? ，靠 ? ，凭 ? by waiting/practing/begging/working/imitating (4)by+数量词 表升降、增减的程度。 by one-fifth/20 percent/￡3/two feet 表示距离和面积、体积中的尺寸及乘除法中的运算。 by 2cm/6 inches/four feet/nine yards/a hair`s breadth (5)by+身体部位名词或衣服名词。表示被抓住身体  /衣物的某一部分，常与动词  catch/seize/take/hold/grab等 连用 by the hair/hand/arm/nose/horns;by the collar/lape/sleeve等。 The policeman caught the thief by the arm警.察抓住了小偷的胳膊。 The soldier grabbed the child by the collar那.个士兵揪住了孩子的衣领。 (6)by 的常见短语： by means of/by way of/by the way/one by one/step by step/side by side/shoulder by shoulder/by oneself/ by birth/by society/take ? by surprise/learn ? by heart/what do you mean by ? /by my watch 3.last/next/this/that + 时间在句中做状语时，其前不用介词 4. 常用 do, does, did, don ’ t, doesn 代’替t,前didn文提到’t的动词。 (1) Who cleaned the room? Mike _____. A. was B. does C. is D. did I don ’ t think he is so great, but my mother _______. Peter visited his