国际课程课件系列之物理boardworks Dynamics Part 2 - Newtons second law.pptVIP

* of 9 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 28 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 9 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 28 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 28 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 9 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 9 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 4 N There is a resultant force of 5 N at a direction of 53° from the horizontal. Unbalanced forces The forces on this mass are unbalanced: 3 N 8 N What is the resultant force? Add the vectors together again, nose-to-tail. 8 N 3 N 4 N 4 N 3 N θ F F = √32 + 42 = 5 N θ = tan-1(4/3) = 53° What is Newton’s second law? If there is a resultant force on an object, it accelerates in the direction of that force. Its acceleration is directly proportional to the force, and inversely proportional to the object’s mass. This can be stated in a vector equation: F = ma For example, the downward force on an object due to gravity (weight) at the Earth’s surface is: weight = mg Where g = 9.81 ms-2 (standard acceleration due to gravity). Newton’s second law example A car and caravan are accelerating at 0.5 ms-2. 1. Find the driving force produced by the engine. The engine must accelerate both the car and the caravan: F = ma = (3000 kg + 5000 kg) × 0.5 ms-2 = 4000 N 3000 kg 5000 kg ? Newton’s second law example A car and caravan are accelerating at 0.5 ms-2. 2. Find the tension in the tow-bar. The tow-bar accelerates the caravan only: F = ma = 5000 kg × 0.5 ms-2 = 2500 N 3000 kg 5000 kg ? 4000 N Newton’s second law example A car and caravan are accelerating at 0.5 ms-2. 3. Find the resultant force on the car. resultant force = driving force – tension = 4000 – 2500 = 1500 N or F = ma = 3000 kg × 0.5 ms-2 = 1500 N 3000 kg 5000 kg 4000 N 2500 N Skydiving Using Newton’s second law * ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 Boardworks A-Level Physics Year 1 and AS Dynamics * ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 Boardworks A-Level Physics Year 1 and AS Dynamics Photo credit: ? Bernd Jürgens, S 2015 * ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 Boardworks A-Level Physics Year 1 and AS Dynamics * ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 Boardworks A-Level Physics