国际课程课件系列之物理boardworks 11. Radioactive Decay v1.1.pptVIP

How is radioactivity related to atomic structure? What are atoms? What did Dalton think atoms were like? How did electrons spoil Dalton’s model? What is the plum pudding model? What was Rutherford’s involvement? What did Geiger and Marsden do? What were Geiger and Marsden’s results? How did Rutherford interpret the results? How did Rutherford explain the results? Which model of the atom? What is the modern model of the atom? What are atoms made of? Particles in the modern model What makes a carbon atom carbon? What are isotopes? Atomic structure – key words Types of radioactive decay What happens during alpha decay? What happens during beta decay? What happens during gamma decay? Radioactive decay – true or false? How can radioactivity be measured? What happens to radioactivity? What is half-life? How is half-life calculated? How long are half-lives? What is the half-life of carbon-14? How does carbon dating work? What are the problems of using carbon dating? Using half-life to date a sample Using half-life in calculations Teacher notes The ‘*’ symbol next to the nickel in the middle of the equation indicates that the nickel is still unstable and needs to release more radioactivity to become stable. Teacher notes This four-stage historical sequence explains Ernest Rutherford’s involvement in discovering the structure of the atom. Radioactivity cannot be seen, it has no smell and does not make any sound so how can it be detected? Radioactivity can be detected with a Geiger counter, which is a Geiger-Müller (GM) tube connected to a ratemeter. The ratemeter gives a reading in ‘counts per second’ and a loudspeaker ‘clicks’ for each particle, or burst of radiation, detected by the GM tube. GM tube ratemeter It can also be used to measure the amount of radiation. Radioactive decay is a spontaneous process that cannot be controlled and is not affected by temperature. The half-life of a radioactive element is the time that it takes half the atoms in a sample to decay.