国际课程课件系列之物理boardworks Dynamics Part 1 - Newtons first law.pptVIP

* of 10 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 10 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 28 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 28 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 28 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 10 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 * of 10 ? Boardworks Ltd 2015 Balanced forces Force is a vector. The vector sum of all the forces on an object gives a net or resultant force. Look at the forces on this object: 3 N 3 N 4 N 4 N To see the vector sum of the forces, add the vectors together nose-to-tail. There is no ‘net’ or resultant force on the mass: the forces are balanced. 4 N 4 N 3 N 3 N Forces and motion Aristotle thought that all objects tend to move towards their natural place in the universe, and that their velocity was determined by the strength of this force. If there is no resultant force on an object, can it be moving? Galileo later realised that the acceleration of an object, not its velocity, is proportional to the size of the total force acting on it, and in 1687, Sir Isaac Newton published his first law of motion, which confirmed this. For instance, heavier objects would move towards the ground more quickly than lighter ones. Newton’s first law A moving object has kinetic energy. This energy will not be lost unless a force acts to slow the object down. This is Newton’s first law, also known as the law of inertia. Objects moving in free space with no forces acting on them will continue to move in a straight line at a constant velocity until a force causes them to change speed or direction. For instance, a space shuttle requires large forces from its engines during launch, but can move through space with little or no propulsion if far enough away from gravitational influences. Applying Newton’s first law In everyday life, most things don’t move unless a force is applied. Why is this? What forces act on this car as it travels at a steady speed? Friction from the road pushes the car forward. This force is a reaction to the backwards push of the wheels on the road. The car is travelling at a steady speed, so