Transcription and Post-transcription Modification 转录及转录后修饰.pptx

Transcription and Post-transcription Modification;;;RNA and RNA world; The synthesis of RNA molecules using DNA strands as the templates so that the genetic information can be transferred from DNA to RNA. Four stages: Initiation, Elongation, Termination, Post-transcriptional modification  ; ;Template;Both processes use DNA as the template. Phosphodiester bonds are formed in both cases. Both synthesis directions are from 5′ to 3′. ; ; ; ; ; Transcription in prokaryotes ;Transcription Unit; Optimal Promoter;The –35 sequence is used for initial recognition, and the –10 sequence is used for the melting reaction that converts a closed complex to an open complex.; During transcription, the bubble is maintained within bacterial RNA polymerase, which unwinds and rewinds DNA, maintains the conditions of the partner and template DNA strands, and synthesizes RNA.;Bacterial RNA Polymerases ;RNA pol b subunit is the target of Rifamycin;How many sigma factors exist in E. coli ? ;How does transcription initiate? ;Termination ;;; Transcription in Eukaryotes ;RNA polymerases in Eukaryotes;More than 10 Subunits to form RNA polymerase II ; Have you ever wondered how your genome works? Well, thanks to scientists like Roger Kornberg, awarded the 2006 Nobel prize for Chemistry, who has painstakingly studied the micromechanics of transcription, we’re getting a much clearer picture of what happens inside the nucleus, and how the billions of metres of DNA in your body are converted into RNA by an enzyme called RNA polymerase II. - from the announcement of 2006 Nobel prize for chemistry ;Animal RNA Polymerases ; ; ;;Enhancer;; TFIIA activates TBP by relieving the repression that is caused by the TAFs TFIIB binds adjacent to TBP and TATA box TFIID is a complex protein containing a TATA-box binding protein and 8-10 TBP-associated factors (TAFs) TBP: TATA-binding protein TAFs: TBP-associated factors TFIIF consists of two subunits. The larger subunit has an ATP-depend