国际航行英语4船上娱乐MARPOLConvention.pptVIP

Introduction covered pollution by oil, chemicals, harmful substances in packaged form, sewage and garbage. The Protocol of 1978 relating to the 1973 International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (1978 MARPOL Protocol) was adopted at a Conference on Tanker Safety and Pollution Prevention in February 1978 held in response to a spate of tanker accidents in 1976-1977. History of MARPOL 73/78 from the nearest land in which the discharge of oil or of mixtures containing more than 100 parts of oil per million was forbidden; and it required Contracting Parties to take all appropriate steps to promote the provision of facilities for the reception of oily water and residues. In 1962, IMO adopted amendments to the Convention which extended its application to ships of a lower tonnage and also extended the prohibited zones. Amendments adopted in 1969 contained regulations Introduction The MARPOL Convention is the main international convention covering prevention of pollution of the marine environment by ships from operational or accidental causes. It is a combination of two treaties adopted in 1973 and 1978 respectively and updated by amendments through the years. The International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships (MARPOL) was adopted on 2 November 1973 at IMO and Introduction As the 1973 MARPOL Convention had not yet entered into force, the 1978 MARPOL Protocol absorbed the parent Convention. The combined instrument is referred to as the International Convention for the Prevention of Marine Pollution from Ships, 1973, as modified by the Protocol of 1978 relating thereto (MARPOL 73/78), and it entered into force on 2 October 1983 (Annexes I and II). The Convention includes regulations aimed at preventing and minimizing pollution from ships - both accidental pollution and that from routine operations - and currently includes six technical Annexes: Introduction States Parties must accept Annexes I and II, but the other An