现行海事请求保全救济制度的缺陷和立法建议-民事诉讼法论文-法律论文-法学论文.docx

现行海事请求保全救济制度的缺陷和立法建议-民事诉讼法论文-法律论文-法学论文 ——文章均为WORD文档，下载后可直接编辑使用亦可打印—— 摘 要：　现行《海事诉讼特别程序法》和《民事诉讼法》中关于保全救济的法律条文较为简略，存在保全异议和复议制度功能重叠、保全复议程序虚置、保全解除程序功能定位不清、《海事诉讼特别程序法》中保全执行救济程序的缺失、海事请求保全错误损害赔偿之诉的提起方式不明等问题。为了有效预防海事请求保全错误的发生，或是在保全错误发生后，给当事人和利害关系人提供充分的救济，应当在修法时对海事请求保全制度进行完善：将异议作为初次救济方式，复议作为异议的后续救济方式；对复议程序进行调整，以实现复议程序的实质化；将保全解除程序功能定位为审查保全裁定作出后发生的事由的适法性；植入保全的执行救济制度；重视反诉在保全错误损害赔偿之诉中的适用。  　　关键词：　海事诉讼特别程序法; 海事请求保全; 保全异议; 保全复议; 救济制度; 　　Abstract：　The provisions of relief procedure of wrongful maritime claim preservation in Special Maritime Procedure Law of the People s Republic of China(hereinafter referred to as Maritime Procedure Law)and Civil Procedure Law of the Peoples Republic of China are too brief, which leads to the following defects of the relief system of wrongful maritime claim preservation: overlapping functions of objection and review; malfunction of review; unclear function of discharge; lack of civil execution relief in Maritime Procedure Law and controversy of methods to file litigation for damages resulting from wrongful maritime claim preservation. In order to prevent wrongful maritime claim preservation from happening and provide sufficient remedy for litigants and interested parties when error of maritime claim preservation occurs, the following suggestions should be taken into account in the process of amending Maritime Procedure Law. First, treat objection as first remedy and review as following remedy. Second, adjust review to make it fully functional. Third, provide that discharge s subject matter is event happening after preservation verdict. Forth, provide civil execution relief in Maritime Procedure Law. Fifth, treat counterclaim as a valuable method to file litigation for damages resulting from wrongful maritime claim preservation. 　　Keyword：　maritime procedure law; maritime claim preservation; objection system; review system; relief system; 　　海事请求保全制度是为了保障生效判决得以顺利执行而设计的制度。保全是一把双刃剑:一方面有利于及时、有效地保护申请人的利益；另一方面，保全裁定是未经过充分审理、辩论作出的裁定，难免会发生错误，从而