内容课件suc物理课件27_lecture_outline.ppt

The direct-current motor Direct-current motor. Real life! Inertia of coil Resistance of wire Eddy effects of non-linear magnetic field Load on shaft Magnetic torque & magnetic moment Right-hand rule to determines direction of magnetic moment (turning force = torque) on current loop. Magnetic torque and potential energy of a coil Potential energy of magnetic dipole in a magnetic field. How magnets work How magnets work The Hall Effect Hall effect * Motion of charged particles in a magnetic field If velocity of particle is ONLY perpendicular to B field, particle moves in a circle of radius R = mv/|q|B. Number of revolutions of particle per unit time is cyclotron frequency. Motion of charged particles in a magnetic field F = qvB = mv2/R w = v/R = qB/m f = w/2p Motion of charged particles in a magnetic field If velocity of particle is perpendicular to B field, particle moves in a circle of radius R = mv/|q|B. IF add a “kick” to speed, Radius increases! A cyclotron! Number of revolutions of particle per unit time is cyclotron frequency. The “father” of cyclotrons! Ernest Lawrence Motion of charged particles in a magnetic field Motion of charged particles in a magnetic field Magnetron in Microwave Oven! Motion of charged particles in a magnetic field Magnetron in Microwave Oven! Motion of charged particles in a magnetic field Magnetron in Microwave Oven! Motion of charged particles in a magnetic field Magnetron in Microwave Oven! Helical motion If particle has velocity components parallel to and perpendicular to B field, its path is a helix.  Speed & kinetic energy still particle remain constant. A nonuniform magnetic field Charges can be trapped in a magnetic bottle, which results from a non-uniform magnetic field. Van Allen radiation belts act like a magnetic bottle, and produce aurora. These belts are due to the earth’s non-uniform field. Bubble chamber Track of charged particles in a bubble chamber experiment. Velocity selector Velocity selectors use pe