现代英语词汇学概论最强版复习资料chapter34.pdfVIP

Chapter 3 Word-Formation （I ）构词法 3.1 General Remark 概述 3.2 Compounding 复合构词法 3.3 Derivation 派生构词法 3.3.1 Prefixation 加前缀 3.3.2 Suffixation 加后缀 3.4 Conversion 词类转换法 3.1 General Remarks 概述 The three major processes Composition or compounding (27%) raindrop,snow-white,baby-sit Affixation or derivation (17.5%) –prefixation 前缀法 : deescalate;anti hero -suffixation 后缀法 : hawkish; modernize Conversion (10.5%) battle (v.) buy(n.) The eight minor processes of word-formation: a) Initialisms and acronyms(about 9%) 首字母缩略法 :U.N.,TV,UNESO,NATO; b) Blending (about 6%) 拼缀法 :brunch ,telex,airtel; c) Clipping (about 2%) 口语省略表达 :phone,flue,lab; d) Words from proper names(about 2%):an Uncle Tom, xerox; e) Back formation(about 1%) 反成法 :gangle ,vacuumclean; f) Reduplication(about 0.5%) 重叠法 :walkie-talkie,go-go; g) Neo-classical formations (about 4%) 新古典主义构词法 :psychedelic,neurolinguistics; h) Others(about 3%):pizzazz,gazuump Some basic concepts of word-formation 1. Word-formation rules 2. Root,stem,base: Root 词根 : is not further analyzable, either in terms of derivational or inflectional morphology Stem 词干 : the part of the word-form which remains when all inflectional affixes have been removed. Base 词基 : any form to which affixes of any kind can be added. Eg.undesirables = un + desire + able + s Base:desirable → desire (base) undesirable → desirable (base) undesirables → undesirable (base) denationalized= de + nation + al + ize + d Root: nation Stem