局解绪论和下肢.pptVIP

系统解剖学：以人体的功能系统为基础。 ; ;精品资料; 你怎么称呼老师？ 如果老师最后没有总结一节课的重点的难点，你是否会认为老师的教学方法需要改进？ 你所经历的课堂，是讲座式还是讨论式？ 教师的教鞭 “不怕太阳晒，也不怕那风雨狂，只怕先生骂我笨，没有学问无颜见爹娘 ……” “太阳当空照，花儿对我笑，小鸟说早早早……”;A 工具包： 镊子（2把，有齿、无齿各1）；血管钳（2把，弯、直各1）； 组织剪（1把）；解剖刀（柄2把，刀片1包） ;;The essence of good dissection is to display each structure fully, clearly, and cleanly. 完全、清晰地显露重要结构。;下 肢LOWER LIMB;概述;①;解剖分区;下肢前区 the anterior lower limb;2, 浅筋膜内的浅静脉、浅淋巴结和皮神经;下肢的深筋膜;大隐静脉Great Saphenous Vein;大隐静脉;近侧段五条主要属支： ;静脉瓣Venous valves的功能：防止血液逆流 ;GSV (Great Saphenous Vein) graft;腹股沟浅淋巴结Superficial Inguinal Lymph Nodes;股前、内侧区皮神经;股前内侧区Anterior Medial Region of the Thigh;髋肌 Muscles of Hip ;大腿肌——前群;耻骨肌 Pectineus  长收肌 Adductor longus 短收肌 Adductor brevis 大收肌 Adductor magnus  股薄肌 Gracilis;主要内容;;股三角 Femoral Triangle;股三角 Femoral Triangle;股动脉及其分支股深动脉;股神经 Femoral n.;临床意义： 下肢压迫止血Stop bleeding in the leg 血管成形术和血管造影术入路Surgical Approach for angioplasty and angiography;股动脉和股静脉自股三角尖端穿出后，经收肌管至股下部内侧，穿收肌腱裂孔至腘窝，更名为腘动脉和腘静脉。;境界:前壁: 缝匠肌和收肌腱板 Sartorius adductor lamina后壁：长收肌和大收肌 Adductor longus magnus外侧壁: 股内侧肌 Vastus medialis;髂耻隆起;肌腔隙 Lacuna Musculorum ;境界:前—— 腹股沟韧带 Inguinal lig. 后—— 耻骨梳韧带 Pectineal lig. 外—— 髂耻弓 Iliopectineal arch 内——陷窝韧带 Lacunar lig. 穿经结构:股血管 Femoral vessels股管 Femoral canal （含淋巴管和淋巴结）;股鞘 Femoral Sheath;股环 Femoral Ring ;股环 Femoral Ring ;??疝 Femoral Hernia ;1, 观察阔筋膜和隐静脉裂孔后 ，除去阔筋膜，保留髂胫束。 2, 显露股三角和收肌管，修洁相关肌肉、血管和神经。;闭孔动脉 Obturator a.;闭孔神经来自腰丛 Obturator nerve, a branch from lumbar plexus;Branches of the obturator nerve;腰丛Lumbar plexus;Question 1: In a presurgical patient, the great saphenous vein is cannulated in the vicinity of the ankle. During the procedure, the patient experiences severe pain that radiates along the medial border of the foot. Which one of the following nerves was accidentally included in a ligature during this procedure? a. Medial femoral cutaneous nerve b. Saphenous nerve c. Superficial fibular nerve d. Sural cutaneous nerve e. Tibial nerve ;Question 2: A third year med