被动语态练习.docxVIP

------------- 精选文档 ----------------- 被动语态的几种特殊用法 一、短语动词（“动词＋介词 / 副词”、“动词＋副词＋介词”） ，如： look after, laugh at, operate on, bring out, give up, put off, do away with, make up for, look down upon 等作谓语， 变被动语态时，要把它们看作一个整体，其中的介词或副词不能漏掉。例 如： 1. We look after the baby carefully. 我们小心地照看着婴儿。 The baby is looked after carefully. 二、感官动词（ see, watch, notice, hear, feel 等）和使役动词（ let, make, have 等） 用在主动句中， 要求后面接不带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语， 但变被动语态时， 要加上 to 。 因为此时原宾语补足语就变成主语补足语了。例如： 3.I saw the boy play in the street. 我看见男孩在街上玩。 The boy was seen to play in the street. 三、带双宾语的句子变被动语态时， 如果“直宾”作主语，通常要在“间宾”前加 to ，但 当谓语动词为 make, mend, buy, pay, get, sing, cook, fetch, spare, find 等时，要在“间 宾”前加 for 。例如： 5. They pass me a letter. 他们递给我一封信。 A letter is passed to me. 6. The mother bought her daughter a gift. 那位母亲给她女儿买了一件礼物。 A gift was bought for her daughter. 四、带复合宾语 （宾语＋宾语补足语）的句子，即宾语和宾语补足语都是名词或代词充当的 句子，变被动语态时，只能将宾语变为被动语态的主语，而宾补保留在谓语后面。例如： 7. They call the girl Lucy. 他们叫那个女孩露茜。 The girl is called Lucy. 五、当 anybody, anything 等不定代词作主动式否定句的宾语时，变被动语态时，应将其 变为 nobody, nothing 作被动句的主语，而把被动句的谓语动词变为肯定形式。例如： 可编辑 ------------- 精选文档 ----------------- 8. He hasnt eaten anything until this morning. 到今天早上为止他什么都没吃。 Nothing has been eaten until this morning. 六、有些动词和动词短语是没有被动形式的，也不可用其过去分词作后置定语，如 arrive, die, become, disappear, happen, take place, break out, belong to 等。例如： 9. The American Civil War broke out in 1861. 在 1861 年美国内战爆发了。 七、当谓语动词为 say, report, think, believe, expect, know, consider, suppose 等的句 子变被动语态时，有两种形式： A. 用 it 作形式主语，而真正的主语用从句的形式来表达，句型为： It is said / reported / supposed / believed that ?/（据据报说道 / 据推测 / 有人相信??）。例如： 11. People s ay that he is a doctor. → It is said that he is a doctor据说.他是个医生。 谓语动词用被动语态，动词不定式作主语补足语。例如： 12. People say that he is a doctor.  He is said to be a doctor. 八、主动形式表被动意义的几种情况。 A. read, act, write, feel, sell, wear, wash, open, shout, clean, cook, keep, play, cut, fill, blow, measure, lock, allow, run, record, begin 等，在主语是物的句子里时，常用主动形 式表被动意义。例如： 14. This pen writes smoothly. 这支钢笔