通过呼吸道感染的微生物.pptxVIP

The microbes infected via respiratory tract; Main pathogenic microbes(Bacteria); Main pathogenic microbes(virus); Other main pathogenic microbes;1、 Mycobacterium tuberculosis;acid-fast rods capsulate obligate aerobe doubling time about 18~24h Lowenstein-Jensen medium variation ;Mycobacterium tuberculosis;2) Pathogenicity;Infectious reservoirs patients,carriers transmitted ways: respiratory tract 、alimentary tract、skin pulmonary tuberculosis primary infection secondary infection extra-lung infection;M.Tuberculosis in lung;4) Immunity ;5) Tuberculin Test; prevention vaccination: BCG treatment rifampin (利福平) isoniazid (异烟肼) ethambutol(乙胺丁醇) streptomycin(链霉素);2、 treptococcus pneumoniae;Gram-positive lancet-shaped In pairs capsulate autolysis;Capsule;; lobar pneumonia(大叶性肺炎) particularly young and old after damage to upper respiratory tract e.g. following viral infection Meningitis(children)(脑膜炎） otitis media(中耳炎） ;3、Corynebacterium diphtheriae; rod shape Gram positive metachromatic granule aerobe growth in Loefflers medium tellurite agar ;Corynebacterium diphtheriae;metachromatic granule;Diptheria toxin;Diphtheria;This child has diphtheria resulting in a thick gray coating over back of throat. This coating can eventually expand down through airway and, if not treated, the child could die from suffocation CDC ;4、Influenza virus ;type A antigenic highly variable worldwide epidemics (eg. 1918) type B antigenic change somestimes epidemics type C antigenic stable mild illness;Structure ;hemagglutinin (HA) absorption, penetration hemagglutination antibody to the HA protein (HIAb) neutralize the virus prevent infection neuraminidase (NA) release,spread antibody to the NA protein slow the spread of the virus no protection;antigenic drift minor changes in HA or NA variance ratio1% point mutation Limited spread antigenic shift major changes in HA variance ratio:20%~50% new subtype Worldwide spread;2) Pathogenesis ;prevention vaccine:multivalent two s