软件开发设计外文翻译软件开发概念和设计方法.pdfVIP

中 文 2780 字 外 文 资 料 原 文 Software Development Concepts and Design Methodologies During the 1960s, ma inframes and higher level programming languages were applied to man y problems including human resource syste ms, reservation syste ms, and manufacturing syste ms. Comp uters and software were seen as the cure all for man y bu siness issues were sometimes applied blindly. S yste ms sometimes failed to solve the problem for which the y were designed for man y reasons including: ?Inability to sufficiently understand complex probl ems ?Not sufficiently taking into account end -u ser needs, the organizational environ ment, and performance tradeoffs ?Inability to accurately estimate development time and operational costs ?Lack of framework for consistent and regular customer communicatio ns At this time, the concept of structured programming, top -down design, stepwise refinement ， and modularity emerged. Structured programming is still the most dominant approach to software engineering and is still evo lving. These failures led to the concept of software engineering based upon the idea that an engineering -like discipline could be applied to software design and develop ment. Software design is a process where the software designer applies techniques and principles to produce a conceptual model that de scribes and defines a solution to a problem. In the beginning, this design process has not been well structured and the model does not alwa ys accura