第十七章抗肿瘤药（AntineoplasticAgents.pptxVIP

ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS（抗肿瘤药）;SECTION 1 Introduction（概述） SECTION 2 Agents directly acting on DNA （作用于DNA的药物） SECTION 3 Agents interfering with DNA synthesis （干扰DNA合成的药物） SECTION 4 Antimitotic agents （抗有丝分裂的药物） SECTION 5 New targets for antineoplastic agents （抗肿瘤药物的新靶点）;SECTON 1 Introduction;sarcoma In the early embryo of a multicellular organism before organs begin to form, cells arrange themselves in three layers—ectodermal, mesodermal, and endodermal. Mesodermal cells form bone, muscle, cartilage, and related tissues.A cancer that arises from mesodermal tissue is called sarcoma. . ;carcinoma Ectodermal cells form skin, its appendages, and nerve tissue. Endodermal cells form the intestinal system and its associated organs A cancer arises from ecto- or endodermal cells is called a carcinoma. ;Blastoma The suffix-blastomais used to indicate certain types of tumors that have primitive appearance resembling embryonic structures. Cancers of blood A cancer of the blood involving abnormal increase of leukocytes is called leukemia.;Cell growth cycles;Although each of these four main periods of the cell cycle (G1, S, G2, M) is unique, all in proper order are necessary for new cell production. Normal and cancer cells behave differently. Normal cell: G1 → G0 → G1 Cancer cell: G1, S, G2, M → G0 → die;;SECTON 2 Agents directly acting on DNA（作用于DNA的药物）;I Alkylating agents;I Alkylating agents （烷化剂）;Mechanism of nitrogen mustards;; Many derivatives of the nitrogen mustards have been synthesized with various improvements. These agents are thought to react with 7 position of guanine in each of the double strands of DNA, causing cross-linking, which interferes with separation of the strands and prevents mitosis.; The principle use of mechlorethamine is in combination chemotherapy of Hodgkin’s disease and the non-Hodgkin’s lymphomas. It has wide activity, but more recent agents are safer