自然拼读字母表 Alphabetic Code.pdf

The English Alphabetic Code The English language has a fascinating history – but this has resulted in a complex alphabetic code for the writing system whereby the 26 letters of the alphabet represent the 44 or so smallest sounds identifiable in English speech in three complicated ways: 1. one sound (phoneme) can be represented by one, two, three or four letters : e.g. /a/ a, /f / ph, /igh/ igh, /oa/ ough 2. one sound can be represented by multiple spelling alternatives (graphemes): e.g. /oa/: o, oa, ow, oe, o-e, eau, ough 3. one grapheme (letter or letter group) can represent multiple sounds: e.g. ‘ough’: /oa/ though, /or/ thought, long /oo/ through, /ou/ plough, /u/ thorough On this Alphabetic Code Chart, the units of sound (phonemes or combined phonemes) are shown in slash marks. Vowel sounds are shown in red and consonant sounds are shown in blue. The vowel sounds provide the main volume and depth in spoken words whereas the consonant sounds are generally much quieter and sometimes very high-pitched such as /s/ and /t/. Teachers need to teach the separate units of sounds carefully, avoiding the added ‘schwa’ or “uh” sound: e.g. “sss” not “suh”; “t” not “tuh”. units of simple code complex code graphemes or spelling alternatives sound key words + key words which are code for the sounds information /a/ a The Synthetic Phonics Teaching Principles apple /e/ e -ea -ai