微生物学周德庆4.pptxVIP

Important members of microbial familysection1、Bacteria一、Definition of bacteria二、Shapes and size of bacteria 三 、Bacterial reproduction四、Bacterial incubation characteristics五、Some bacteria in productionsection2、 Actinomycetes一、 Definition of Actinomycetes二、 Basic properties of Actinomycetes 三、 Shapes and conformation of Actinomycetes四、 Colony characteristics五、Reproduction of Actinomycetes 六、Important genus一、Definition of Actinomycetes 是一类主要呈菌丝状生长和以孢子繁殖的陆生性较强的革兰氏阳性一类原核微生物。 二、 Basic properties of ActinomycetesProduce antibioticsA large group of filamentous bacteriaUsually gram-positive, forming branching filamentsMost form sporesHave high GC content of 63-78%三、Shapes and conformation of ActinomycetesA young colony of an actinomycete of the genus Nocardia(诺卡氏菌属, 土壤丝菌属)A young colony of an actinomycete of the genus Nocardia, showing typical filamentous cellular structure (mycelium). Each filament is about 0.8-1 um in diameter.Micrograph of the actinomycete Actinomyces israelii showing haphae formation. This bacteria is a human pathogen.形态构造示意图electron micrograph showing the filamentous growth of an actinomycetelight microscopy of an actinomycete colony形态构造示意图Substrate mycelium(基内菌丝或称营养菌丝) 匍匐生长于培养基内，吸收营养，也称基内菌丝。Aerial mycelium (气生菌丝或称二级菌丝) 营养菌丝发育到一定阶段，伸向空间形成气生菌丝，形态各异，产生色素Reproductive mycelium( 孢子丝）气生菌丝发育到一定阶段，其上可分化出形成孢子的菌丝，即孢子丝，又称产孢丝或繁殖菌丝。其形状和排列方式因种而异，常被作为对放线菌进行分类的依据。四、 Colony characteristics1、在固体培养基上的培养特征弗氏链霉菌卡那霉素链霉菌除虫链霉菌 卡特利链霉菌诺尔斯氏链霉菌游动放线菌属游动放线菌属Colony characteristics干燥、不透明、表面呈致密的丝绒状，上有一薄层彩色的“干粉”；菌落和培养基的连接紧密，难以挑取；菌落的正反面颜色常不一致，以及在菌落边缘的琼脂平面有变形的现象等。2、在液体培养基上的培养特征 在实验室对放线菌进行摇瓶培养时，常可见到在液面与瓶壁交界处粘贴着一圈菌苔，培养液清而不混，其中悬浮着许多珠状菌丝团，一些大型菌丝团则沉在瓶底。四、 Reproduction of Actinomycetes1、分生孢子2、孢子囊孢子（Sporangiospore) 3、菌丝片段1、分生孢子：放线菌长到一定阶段，一部分气生菌丝形成孢子丝，孢子丝成熟便分化形成许多孢子，称为分生孢子。Stages in the conversion of a streptomycetes aerial hypha into spores (conidia)放线菌孢子丝的类型Several spore-bearing structures of actinomycetes: Streptomyces.High Magnification of actinomycete spores ??2、孢囊孢子（Sporangiospore)