微生物学原核微生物procaryotes.pptxVIP

第一章 原核微生物 Chaper 1 The ProkaryotesSection 1 BacteriaSection 2 ActinomycetesSection 3 CyanobacteriaSection 4 Archaeobacteria Section 5 Other prokaryotes原核微生物： 指一类细胞核无核膜包裹，只能称做核区（nuclear region）的裸露DNA的原始单细胞生物。真核微生物： 指细胞核具有核膜包裹的生物。原核微生物细胞模式图真核微生物细胞模式图第一节 细菌Section 1 Bacteria一、个体形态形状 典型形状为杆状、球状和螺旋状；罕见形态如梨状、叶球状、盘碟状、方形、星状、三角形等。Shape: Bacteria have a few basic shapesspherical coccusRod-shaped bacillusspirallumArrangement of Spherical Bacterial Cellsdiplococci sarcinae streptococci staphylococci tetracocci SphericalcoccusThe Micrococcaceae The family Micrococcaceae contains gram-positive cocci, 0.5-2.5 μm in diameter, that divide in more than one plane to form regular or irregular clusters of cells. All are aerobic or facultatively anaerobic. The peptidoglycan di-amino acid is L-lysine. The three most important genera are: Micrococcus Staphylococcus Streptococcus Micrococcus – aerobic, gram-positive, catalase positive, cell arranges mainly in pairs, tetrads, or irregular clusters, nonmotile. They are often yellow, orange or red in colourStaphylococcus - facultatively anaerobic, gram-positive, usually form irregular clusters, nonmotile, catalase positive but oxidase negative, ferment glucose anaerobically.staphylococcistaphylococciStreptococcus - facultatively anaerobic or microaerophilic, catalase negative, gram-positive, Cell arranges in pairs or chains, usually nonmotile, A few species are anaerobic rather than facultative. Rod-shaped bacteria Bacilli divide only across their short axis, so there are fewer groupings of bacilli than of cocci. Single bacillusDiplobacillistreptobacilliCoccobacillus Spore-forming rod shaped bacteria Almost all Spore-forming bacteria are Gram+Bacillus – AerobicClostridium – AnaerobicBacillus subtilis,B. MycoidesB. PastturiiB. megateriumB. ThuringiensisB. AnthracisB. BotulinusB. cereusClostridium botulinusC. butyricumC. aceticumC. tetaniC. putrificumNonspore - forming rod shaped bacteriaMost nonspore – for