未成年人前科消灭制度研究.pdf

摘 要 未成年人犯罪是当今世界一个引人瞩目的问题，犯罪虽不分年龄，但未成年人因其 殊性应该受到社会的“关照”。而在现实中一个人一旦犯罪就会产生犯罪标签，一个 人就有了前科，在我国有前科的人在入伍、就业时有报告的义务。这种标签一旦产生 就会跟随一个人一生，社会对其认识都会以这种标签先入为主，对其一生发展产生不 利影响，犯罪标签对未成年人的影响更为突出，一旦产生很可能会使未成年人不被社 会认可，无法融入社会进而再次犯罪，这就偏离了刑罚的目的，不利于社会和谐稳定。 世界各国司法系统都承认，儿童独一无二的身体和心理特性，意味着他们尤其脆弱， 因而需要特殊保护。我国规定了未成年人可以免除前科报告义务，但这与前科消灭有 着本质的区别。世界上许多国家都已建立起了未成年人的前科消灭制度，不论是为了 更好地保护人权还是更好地实现刑法的目的，建立我国的未成年人前科消灭制度都是 非常必要的。 关键词：　未成年人；前科；前科消灭；制度建设 Abstract Juvenile delinquency is an outstanding problem in the world today. Although the crime is not divided into ages, minors should be "taken care of" by the society because of their particularity. In reality, when a person commits a crime, he will produce a crime label, and a person will have a criminal record. In China, those who have a criminal record have a reporting obligation when they join the army and are employed. Once this kind of label is produced, it will follow a person's life. The society's understanding of it will be based on this kind of label, which will have a negative impact on thedevelopment of his life. The impact of the crime label on minors is even more prominent. Once it is produced, it is likely that minors will not be recognized by society. The inability to integrate into society and then commit crimes again deviates from the purpose of punishment and is not conducive tosocial harmony and stability. Justice systems around the world recognize that the unique physical and psychological characteristics of children mean that they are particularly vulnerable and therefore require special protection. We exempt minors from the obligation to report their previous convictions, but this has its essence in the elimination of the previous convictions Keywords:　Juveniles ；criminal record ；Former criminal record elimination； Institutional development 目 录 摘要 I Abstract II 目 录 III 第 1 章 未成年人前科消灭制度概述 1 1.1 未成年人前科消灭制度的内涵 2.1.1 前科和前科消灭制度 2.1.2 未成年人前科消灭制度 2.1 未成年人前科消灭制度的意义 2.1.1 人权保障与社会稳定 2.1.2 法律体系的完善 第 2 章