立式加工中心主轴组件的结构设计定稿版.docx

立式加工中心主轴组件的结构设计 HUA system office room [HUA16H-TTMS2A-HUAS8Q8-HUAH1688] 加工中心由于备有刀库并能自动更换刀具，使得工件在一次装夹中可以完成多工序的 加工。加工中心一般不需要人为干预，当机床开始执行程序后，它将一直运行到程序结 束。加工中心还赋予了专业化车间一些诸多优点，如：降低机床的故障率，提高生产效 率，提高加匚精度，削减废料量，缩短检验时间，降低刀具成本，改善库存量等。由于加 工中心的众多优势，所以它深受全球制造企业的青睐。 加工中心主要由主轴组件、回转工作台、移动工作台、刀库及自动换刀装置以及其它 机械功能部件组成。其中的主轴组件是机床重要的组成部分，其运动性能直接影响机床加 工精度与表面粗糙度。本文在査阅大量国内外文献的基础上，通过研究分析不同加工中心 主轴组件的性能，综合地比较了其特点，并拟定了一个较为合理的主轴组件结构方案。同 时，还就主轴、轴承以及丝.杠等重要零件的机械性能进行了探讨，并对这些零件的刚度和 强度进行了校核。此外，本设计中所采用的陶瓷轴承能有效地增加主轴的刚度，从而提高 了加工中心的可靠性和稳定性。 关键词：主轴组件，加工中心，数控机床 Spindle unit design of Vertical machining center ABSTRACT Machining center evolved from the need to be able to perform a variety of operations and machining sequences on a workpiece on a single machine in one setup. Machining center requires little operator intervention, and once the machine has been set up, it will machine without stopping until the end of the program is reached. Some of the other advantages that machining centers give a manufacturing shop are greater machine uptime, increased productivity, maximum part accuracy, reduced scrap, less inspection time, lower tooling costs, less inventory and so on. Because of their many advantages, machining centers become widely accepted by manufacturing enterprises in the world. workbench,and othermotion part ofthe machiningMachining centers are equipped with spindle units, rotary moving workbench, tool magazines and automatic tool changers, mechanical function components. Spindle unit is the important the metal cutting machine tool. Its movement behavior affects accuracy and surface roughness of part to be machined. Through referring to a variety of technical literatures, the characteristics of some kinds of spindle units are compared with each other based on analysis and research work on different machining centers. A reasonable scheme can be studied out. Meanwhile. workbench, and other motion part of the machining the mechanical behaviors of principle parts such as the spindle, bearings and lead