药理学教学课件：Chapter 19 Analgesics.ppt

* * Codeine * Similar to the effects of morphine but weaker The effect of analgesia is 1/10 ～ 1/12 of morphine. Used in moderate intensity of pain The effect of antitussive is 1/4 of morphine. Used in the treatment of severe dry cough Has mild addiction. * Pethidine A Similar to morphine. Analgesic effect is 1/7～1/10 of morphine. Substitute for morphine. Used in all kinds of severe pain（trauma、burn、wound pain after operation、 fracture、advanced tumor etc.）、angina and labor pain. B Substitute for morphine in treating cardiac asthma. C Used in preanesthetic medication and artificial hibernation. D Less in inducing constipation and urinary retention. Have no antidiarrheal effects. E May induce tolerance and addiction after long time medication. * Methadone A Analgesia intensity is similar to morphine but longer lasting time. B Tolerance and addiction appear slower. C Suitble for trauma、burn、wound pain after operation、 fracture、advanced tumor. Also can be used in the detoxification treatment of morphine and heroin. * Fentanyl A Analgesia intensity is 100 times that of morphine. Short effect. B Addiction will appear in the condition of repeated medication. C Sufentanyl is 1000 times in analgesia intensity than morphine. D Used in all kinds of severe pain. Also used in auxiliary anaethesia and intravenous anesthesia. * Dihydroetorphine Made by China. The analgesic effects is 500～1000 times stonger than morphine. Used in chronic intractable pain and advanced tumor pain which pethidine and morphine are ineffective. Repeated medication may cause tolerance and addiction. Anadol Short effective analgesics. Used in small oparation. * Partial Agonists and antagonists of Opium R