生物化学教学课件：protein_1.pptx

Proteins 2014-09-18 2 20 amino acids. H2O, hydrogen bond; Last time: 3 (Lambert-Beer law) Optical absorbance 4 In most cases, OD280 = 1 for 0.5~2 mg/ml protein. could be theoretically estimated based on protein sequence. For example: http://www.expasy.ch/ Absorbance at 280 nm for protein; Absorbance at 260 nm for nucleic acid. 5 A few examples of other amino acids 6 Peptide bond 肽键 7 trans cis Peptide bond has partial double bond properties 8  /phi/  /psi/ Amide plane (肽平面) and dihedral angle (二面角) 9  Ser-Gly-Tyr-Ala-Leu Leu-Ala-Tyr-Gly-Ser Main chain vs. side chain SGYAL LAYGS residue 10 Some small peptides of physiological interest Aspartame: methyl ester derivative of L-Aspartyl-L-phenylalanine; 200x sweeter than sugar. Glutathione (GSH): tripeptide scavenger of oxidizing agents; oxidized form consists of two glutathione molecules joined by disulfide bridge. 11 insulin 胰岛素 12 Frederick Sanger The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1980 The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1958 for his work on the structure of proteins, especially that of insulin for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids 13 Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1964 for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances. Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin Insulin structure 14 15 Number of negatively charged residues (Asp + Glu): 9 Number of positively charged residues (Arg + Lys): 17 Lysozyme 溶菌酶 Primary sequence of 129 residues: KVFGRCELAAAMKRHGLDNYRGYSLGNWVCAAKFESNFNTQATNRNTDGSTDYGILQINSRWWCNDGRTPGSRNLCNIPCSALLSSDITASVNCAKKIVSDGNGMNAWVAWRNRCKGTDVQAWIRGCRL Theoretical pI: 9.32 (/cgi-bin/protparam/protparam) 16 a-helix b-sheet Lysozyme structure (PDB 3LYM) 17 An a-helix in lysozyme: RCELAAAMKRH The a helix To make optimal use of internal hydrogen bonds. O- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -H ║ │ ─ C ─(NH ─ CH ─ CO)3 ─ N ─ Every helical turn extends about 5.4Å along the axis. Only right-handed helix. E