细胞生物学课件：Chapter 9. Endomembrane System or Intracellular compartment-3s.ppt

3）lysosome (溶酶体) (1)Morphologic Structure ◆Lysosomes: heterogenous vesicle-like organelles enclosed by a single layer of membrane contain many types of digestive enzymes. ◆ animal cells, diameter of 0.25～0.8μm in varies in size, shape and electron density ?Factors of lysosome membrane stability ◆ contains proton pumps (H+-ATPase) to maintain the high internal proton ◆ contains many types of transport proteins: export hydrolytic products of the digestion of macromolecules to the cytosol ◆ contains highly glycosylated membrane proteins: to form a protective layer preventing the membrane protein itself being degradated ◆contains high level of cholesterol (3) Classification of lysosomes ◆Primary lysosome (初级溶酶体): no visible granule or membrane fragments; acidic hydrolases short of activity ◆Secondary lysosome (次级溶酶体): acidic hydrolases and substrates（granule or membrane fragments). ▲ autolysosome (自噬性溶酶体) ▲ heterolysosome (异噬性溶酶体) ◆residual body or post lysosome (残余小体或后溶酶体)：no enzyme activity but indigested residue, such as age pigment (epidermic cells) and lipofuscin-脂褐质 (liver cells). (4）Function of lysosomes (5) Lysosome biogenesis ●enlarge membrane area that improves metabolism and its regulatory capacity owing to provide attachment bracket for the enzyme. ●Function as a intracellular membrane system ----all the membrane is synthesized and assembled uniformly, thereby keeping intracellular membrane structure in complete agreement. ----intercoordination in function—group-like management ---- membrane traffic by the secretory and endocytic pathways keeps cells youthful--Membrane transformation. 思考题 区分生物膜、细胞膜和内膜系统的概念 简述内质网和高尔基体的结构与功能 区分翻译共转运和后转运的概念， 举例高尔基体的极性体现在哪些方面 简述溶酶体类型和作用 简述内膜系统的特征和生物学意义 7. 简述细胞分泌的概念和途径 8.简述衣被小泡的类型和其运输路径 * (胰岛素) ◆ Proprotein processing in Golgi： inactive proprotein（GC）??active polypeptide ● Protein transport through Golgi ● Protein Sorting and Export ◆ER retention proteins ◆lysosome proteins and membrane proteins ◆ Secretory