第21章必讲后备国际税收环境与转移定价.pptxVIP

INTERNATIONALFINANCIALMANAGEMENT21International Tax EnvironmentChapter Twenty-oneChapter Objective:This chapter provides a brief introduction to the international tax environment.本章对跨国公司税收筹划很有用，对从事国际金融资产投资也很有指导意义。INTERNATIONALFINANCIALMANAGEMENTFourth EditionEUN / RESNICKChapter OutlineThe Objectives of TaxationTypes of TaxationThe National Tax Environments（国别税收环境）Organizational Structures for Reducing Tax LiabilitiesBranch and Subsidiary Income Payments to and from Foreign AffiliatesTax HavensControlled Foreign CorporationTransfer Pricing Related IssuesBlocked Funds（冻结资金）The Objectives of TaxationThe twin objectives of taxation are:1. Tax Neutrality （税收中性）2. Tax Equity（税收公平）Tax NeutralityA tax scheme is tax neutral if it meets three criteria:1.?Capital Export Neutrality: the tax scheme does not incentivise citizens move their money abroad. 好的税制既能为政府有效地筹集收入，又不会对纳税人的经济决策产生负面影响，不会阻碍资源配置到世界任何可获得最高回报率的地方。资本输出中性是建立在实现全球经济效率基础上的。2.?Capital Import Neutrality: the tax burden on a MNC subsidiary should be the same regardless of where in the world the MNC is incorporated（子公司的税负不因母公司所在地的不同而有所区别）.?无论跨国公司属于哪个国家，东道国对该跨国公司的分公司所征收的税收应该一视同仁且应与本国企业相同。3.?National Neutrality: taxable income is taxed in the same manner by the taxpayer’s national tax authorities regardless of where in the world it is earned. 不论应税所得是在世界哪个国家挣的，各国税收当局都应以同样的方式征税。Tax EquityTax Equity: regardless of the country in which an affiliate of a MNC earns taxable income（无论跨国公司的分公司从哪个国家取得的应税所得）, the same tax rate and tax due date should apply（适用相同的税率和纳税日期）. 例如，跨国公司的国外分公司所赚到的1美元与国内分公司所赚到的1美元应按相同的规则纳税。The principal of tax equity is difficult to apply; the organizational form of the MNC can affect the timing of the tax liability.Types of TaxationIncome TaxWithholding TaxValue-Added TaxIncome TaxAn income tax is a tax on personal and corporate income.Many countries in the world obtain a significant portion （很大一部分）of their tax revenue from income taxes.An income tax is a direct tax, that is one that is paid directly by the