受限空间和氮气危害及防范.docx

Copyright of Shell Copyright of Shell Com Copyright of Shell Copyright of Shell Com Copyright of Shell Copyright of Shell Confidenhal April 2010 Customer Communication Package 受限空间及氮气的危害及防范 CSE and N2 Hazards and Prevention May 10出，2010 Zhou Xingchen Gasification, Global Solutions Upstream, Shell Projects Technology Agenda内容 Incident Sharing 1 ~ 5 事故案例分享 Key Learning 主要教训 N2 Hazards and Prevention 氮气危害与防范 CSE Best Practices 受限空间管理良好实践分享 Personnel Gas Detectors CSE: confined space entry JHA: |ob hazards analysis PTW: permit to workCCR: central control room CSE: confined space entry JHA: |ob hazards analysis PTW: permit to work CCR: central control room 1.0 Incident Sharing 1-5事故案例分享】璀 Copyright of Shell Copyright of Shell Conhdenlial April 2010 4 Copyright of Shell Copyright of Shell Conhdenlial April 2010 4 Incident Sharing -1 Incident Description 事故描述 We were doing site visit at the gasifier. After client HSE staff checked the man hole A5 Shell staff came closer to A5 as well, Suddenly his personnel gas detector vent off and indicated low 02 content. He immediately escaped from the spot. Site investigation indicated that N2 blowback into gasifier was not shut off before manholes were opened. Steam ejector was started but without opening the steam valve. N2 instead of plant air via the nozzles designed for burn off purpose was still blown into gasifier. Client was advised to immediately barricade all opened manholes, shut off N2 blowback, disconnect N2 hose and to put ejector into operation. 我们与客户在气化炉进行检查。当时A5人孔处于敞开状态，客户安全管理 人员查看了A5人孔，壳牌员工随后靠近了A5人孔，突然壳牌员工个人气体 探测仪发出警报，指示氧含量低，壳牌员工迅速撤离。 现场调查发现，打开气化炉人孔之前，通往气化炉的氮气吹扫未关断，蒸汽 抽气器虽然投入，但蒸汽阀门未打开。气化炉“烧除”程序要求使用工厂风， 但接到气化炉烧除通气管线上的是氮气。 当时建议客户立即隔离敞开的人孔，关闭反吹氮气，断开烧除管线上的氮气 软管，把蒸汽抽气器真正投入运行。 Incident Classification/RAM Rating 一 High Potential: P4D Actual: PO Incident Sharing -1 Immediate Causes 直接原因： N2 instead of plant air was still blowing into gasifier while manholes were open 气化炉人孔敞开时氮气而非工厂风仍在向气化炉内吹送 No safety warning signs er