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非谓语动词之动词不定式(todo)的用法
非谓语动词之动词不定式(todo)的用法
非谓语动词之动词不定式(todo)的用法
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非谓语动词 之动词不定式( to do )的用法
非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词,主要形式有:不定式、动名词和分词(此刻分词和过去分词)。
“ to do动”词不定式的变形
原形
to do
动词不定式的
动作与谓语动
词同时发生
(或几乎同
时)或发生在
谓语动词以后
进行式 达成式 达成进行式
(not) to be doing (not) to have (not) to have been
done doing
谓语动词动作发
动词不定式的
动词不定式的动作
生时,动词不定
动作发生 在谓
在谓语动词动作 之
时的动作 正在发
语动词或特定
前,且向来在连续
生
时间以前
动词不定式的用法
( 1) 充任主语 (一般会用 it 当形式主语)
To swim here is dangerous. =
It is dangerous to swim here.
To pass this English exam is unlikely. =
( 2) 充任表语 (多半状况下,能够变换成动词不定式做主语)
My job is to help with your English learning.
To help with your English learning is my job.
3) 充任宾语 (只好做某些动词的宾语,一般不做介词的宾语;有时用 “ it”做形式宾语 )
I decided to attend this meeting last night.
I find it necessary to learn a foreign language.
注意:当以下动词欲接动词作宾语时,只好跟不定式作宾语 。
decide, determine, learn, wish, hope
agree, plan, pretend, dare, refuse, fail
prepare, try, manage, help, promise
offer, beg, demand, afford, arrange, be supposed
.
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( 4) 充任 足
I persuaded him to make a speech in public.
注意:在感官 /使役 / help 后( see, hear, watch, notice, make, have, let 后不定式做 ,可省略“ to ”)
I saw them have a disagreement on who should sweep the floor.(我看到了
他 争 的整个 程)
但,感官 后边也可接 Ving 形式,表示正在 行。
I saw them arguing about who should sweep the floor. (我看到他 正在
争 地,其实不必定看到了整个 程)
5) 充任状 (目的,原由, 果状 ,其 主 与句子主 一致)
I wrote him a letter to further explain this matter. (目的状 )
I ’ m sorry to bother you(.原由状 )
He queued for hours at the box office only to find that the show was sold out.
( 果状 , only + to find/realize/discover 表示预料之外的 果)
6) 充任定 (不定式作定 ,要放在所修 的 的后边)
I have a lot of dishes to wash. Do you have anything to say? There are 3 questions to answer.
7) 一些固定句型中不定式省略“ to”
had better
would rather do ? than do ?
why not do
“ except/but 有”“ do”无 “ to,”有 ” to无”“ do”
have nothing to do but do ?
do everything but/except
have no choice but to
want nothing but/except to
8) 当两个或多个作用同样的不定式并列( and/or/than ) ,往常只保存第一个不定式的“ to” .
He told me to stay there and wait for him.
It ’ s
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