资料文本大一下课件钱sb mitochondria metabolism1.pptxVIP

Oxidative Phosphorylation;Energy from reduced fuels is used to synthesize ATP in animals;Energy;Energy Flow in Cellular Respiration;Oxidative Phosphorylation;Photophosphorylation;Structure of a Mitochondrion;Outer membrane – 40% lipid, 60% protein Rich in PORIN - channel for cmpds 10,000 Da;Electron Transport Chain. Reducing equivalents are derived from oxidation of fatty acids and the TCA cycle. The reducing equivalents are transferred to NADH and FADH2, which are subsequently oxidized by the electron transport chain, a system of electron carriers located in the inner membrane. In the presence of O2, this system converts reducing equivalents into utilizable energy, as ATP, by the process of oxidative phosphorylation. The complete oxidation of NADH and FADH2 by the electron transport chain results in production of approximately 2.5 and 1.5 mol of ATP per mole of reducing equivalent transferred to O2, respectively. ;Electron-transport chain complexes contain a series of electron carriers;Flavin Adenine Dinucleotide (FAD);Cytochromes;Iron-Sulfur Clusters;Coenzyme Q or Ubiquinone;Coenzyme Q or Ubiquinone;Oxidation–Reduction Reactions. The mitochondrial electron transport system is a sequence of linked oxidation–reduction reactions. Oxidation–reduction reactions occur when there is a transfer of electrons from a suitable electron donor (reductant) to a suitable electron acceptor (oxidant). For example: In some oxidation–reduction reactions only electrons are transferred from reductant to oxidant (i.e., electron transfer between cytochromes), whereas in other types of reactions, both electrons and protons (hydrogen atoms) are transferred (e.g., electron transfer between NADH and FAD): Oxidized and reduced forms of compounds or groups operating in oxidation–reduction reactions are referred to as redox couples or pairs. The facility with which a given electron donor (reductant) gives up its electrons to an electron acceptor (oxidant) is expres