《西方翻译理论史》ppt课件模板.pptVIP

The major translation theories and their representative theorists主要翻译理论流派及其代表理论家 1 DYNAMIC EQUIVALENCE (EUGENE .NIDA) Central to Nida’s work is the move away from away from the old idea that an orthographic word has a fixed meaning in which a word “acquires” meaning through its context and can produce varying responses according to culture. Nida breaks meaning into referential meaning, and emotive\connotative meaning. Nida has incorporated key features of Chomsky’s model into his ‘science’ of translation. Nida thinks the surface structure of the ST can be analyzed into the basic elements of the deep structure and they are transferred in the translation process and then restructured semantically and stylistically into the surface structure of the TT. 2021/7/26 Kernel is a key term in this model. For Nida, kernels are ‘the basic structural elements out of which language builds its elaborate surface structures’. In fact, in all the languages there are half a dozen to a dozen basic structures out of which all the more elaborate formations are constructed by means of so-called ‘transformations’. In contrast, back-transformation is the analytic process of reducing the surface structure to its underlying kernels. Dynamic equivalence is based on ‘the principle of equivalent effect’, ‘where the relationship between receptor and message should be substantially the same as that which existed between the original receptors and the message.’ 2021/7/26 He said: “translating consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source-language message, first in terms of (in terms of依…，据…；从…方面) meaning and secondly in terms of style.” Dynamic equivalence is defined in terms of the degree to which the receptors of the message in the receptor language respond to it in substantially the same manner as the receptors in the source language. 2021/7/26 2. SEMANTIC AND COMMUNICATIVE TRANSLATION (PETER NEWMARK) Communicative translation attempts to prod