第八章主要组织相容性复合体及其编码分子.pptxVIP

第八章 主要组织相容性复合体及其编码分子(Section 8 Major Histocompatibility Complex)MHC(major histocompatibility complex)Definition: MHC is an extended genetic locus, containing closely-linked genes, encoding major histocompatibility antigen whose physiologic function is the presentation of peptide antigens to T cells and plays a central role in the generation of adaptive immune response. In humans the MHC is referred to as the HLA(human leukocyte antigen) complex.MHC（major histocompatibility complex）主要组织相容性复合体，是存在于染色体上的一组紧密连锁的基因群，其编码的产物称为主要组织相容性抗原，参与抗原的呈递，在启动适应性免疫应答中起重要作用。HLA（human leukocyte antigen）人的MHC称为HLA基因或HLA基因复合体，其编码产物称为HLA分子或HLA抗原。第一节 MHC结构及其多基因特性(Chapter 1 Structure and Polygenism of MHC) 是指MHC由多个紧密相邻的基因座位 所组成，编码产物具有相同或相似的功能。多基因性经典的MHCⅠ、Ⅱ类基因免疫功能相关基因分 类一、经典的MHCⅠ类基因和Ⅱ类基因产物具有抗原提呈功能显示极为丰富的多态性参与调控适应性免疫应答HLA Complex Localization: on the short arm of chromosome 6. Classical classⅠgenes: include HLA-B,C,A loci, encodeαchain of HLA classⅠmolecules; Classical classⅡgenes: include HLA-DP,DQ,DR regions, encodeαchain andβchain of HLA classⅡmolecules;HLA基因复合体 HLA基因复合体位于人第6号染色体短臂。 经典的HLAⅠ类基因集中在远离着丝点的一端， 包括B、C、A三个座位，其产物是HLAⅠ类分子。 经典的HLAⅡ类基因在复合体中位于近着丝点 一端，由DP、DQ、DR三个亚区组成，其产物是 HLAⅡ类分子。二、Ⅰ类和Ⅱ类基因的表达产物-HLA分子Structure of HLA MoleculesclassⅠHLA molecules consist of a αchain (encoded by HLA-A,B,C on chromosome 6) and a β2m(β2 microglobulin) chain (encoded by a gene on chromosome 15).classⅡHLA molecules consist of a αchain and a βchain ( both encoded by HLA-DP,DQ,DR on chromosome 6).Structural Regions of HLA classⅠmoleculespeptide-binding region：α1 andα2 domains；bind endogenous antigenic peptides；the end is closed and it can bind peptides of 8-10 amino acids；Ig-like region：α3 domain and β2m；α3 domain is CD8-binding site；β2m stabilizes the classⅠmolecules and facilitates its expression on cell membranes；transmembrane region：anchors HLA classⅠmolecules on membrane；cytoplasmic region：transfers signal.Structural Regions of HLA classⅡmoleculespeptide-binding region：α1 and β1 domains；bind exogenous